Transcript The Civil War - Cloudfront.net

THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
Before we begin. . .
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is a civil war?
When did the US Civil War take
place?
Why was the Civil War fought—
According to the North?
Why was the Civil War fought—
According to the South?
The Civil War: Union vs
Confederacy
Confederate
Union
CAUSE #1?
Election of Lincoln
 Southern States felt
they were bullied by
the North when he
was elected

1860
Election
Results
Cause #2
States’
Rights
regarding taxation and
slavery
Nullification Crisis
Nullify means to ignore
 In 1832, South Carolina said they
could “nullify” federal law by simply
ignoring it.
 President Jackson threatened to send
federal troops – SC chilled, for now.

Cause 3:Abolitionism
Abolitionists

Frederick Douglas was the editor of an
abolitionist newspaper.
Harriet Tubman

Helped slaves escape via the
Underground Railroad.
John Brown
 He
and his sons
brutally
murdered 5
slave masters in
Kansas. (1858)
 Tried to incite a
slave revolt
Cause 4: slavery
Compromise of 1850
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
1811 - 1896
So this is the lady who
started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
1852
 Sold 300,000 copies in
the first year.
 2 million in a decade!
Cause 5: Sectionalism
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
The war begins - the firing on
Fort Sumter
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861
Fort Sumter
The first States secede
Advantages of the Union (north)?
 Union
had double the
population
 Double the railroads
 5 times as many
factories
 A Navy
Confederate (Rebel) advantages
(South)
 Confederates
had the best
generals
 Defending is always easier than
attacking
 Farmers fight better than factory
workers
Timeline of the Civil War
1859-1861

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December 20, 1860 South Carolina legislature votes to
secede from the Union. Six other Southern States soon
follow
April 12–13 Fort Sumter is bombarded and surrenders
to South Carolina troops led by P. G. T. Beauregard.
April 15 Lincoln declares a state of insurrection and
calls for 75,000 volunteers to enlist for three months of
service.
April 17–May 20 Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and
North Carolina secede from the Union.
April 19 Lincoln orders a blockade of all Confederate
ports.
Timeline of the Civil War
1859-1861


July 21 Confederate forces win a victory at the First
Battle of Manassas. Confederate General Thomas J.
Jackson earns the nickname “Stonewall” for his tenacity
in the battle.
November Julia Ward Howe, inspired after
seeing a review of General McClellan's army in
the Virginia countryside near Washington,
composes the lyrics to "The Battle Hymn of the
Republic." It is published in the Atlantic Monthly
in February 1862.
Timeline of the Civil War
1862

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April 6–7 Union General Ulysses S. Grant prevails at
the Battle of Shiloh in Tennessee, but not without
enormous losses.
May 31–June 1 During the Battle of Seven Pines in
Virginia, Robert E. Lee takes over command of the
Confederate army from the wounded Joseph E.
Johnston.
August 29–30 The South is again victorious at the
Second Battle of Manassas.
Timeline of the Civil War
1862

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
September 17 The Battle of Antietam, Maryland,
exacts heavy losses on both sides.
September 22 President Lincoln issues the Preliminary
Emancipation Proclamation.
December 13 Lee wins the Battle of Fredericksburg
decisively.
First metal ships in world to Fight!
Emancipation Proclamation
It freed the slaves only in states that
have seceded from the Union.
 It did not free slaves in border states.
 1863
 Emancipation = freedom

1863





Issued by Lincoln
Doesn’t actually free any
slaves until the Union
Army arrived.
Changes a war of
succession to a moral
fight over slavery.
Not all Northerners liked
the Proclamation
Made the South fight to
the end.
Vocabulary

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Key Vocabulary:
Emancipation Proclamation
Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address
Conscription
Vicksburg
Grant
Sherman
Lee
Appomattox Court House
Main Ideas


How did the war goals change for the
North and South?
How did the Civil War change America?
Timeline of the Civil War
1863

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
January 1, 1863Lincoln issues the Emancipation
Proclamation, which declares that slaves in the seceded
states are now free.
May 1–4Lee hands the Army of the Potomac another
serious loss at the Battle of Chancellorsville. “Stonewall”
Jackson is wounded during the battle.
July 1–3The Battle of Gettysburg is fought in
Pennsylvania. General George G. Meade compromises his
victory by allowing Lee to retreat South across the
Potomac.
Timeline of the Civil War
1863

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
July 4 After a long siege, Confederates surrender
Vicksburg to Ulysses S. Grant, thus securing the
Mississippi River for the Union.
July 13–15 Violent riots erupt in New York City in
protest of the draft.
November 23–25 After three days of battle, the Union
victory at Chattanooga, Tennessee, opens the way for
Union advancement into the heart of the Confederacy.
Gettysburg – turning point
Gettysburg is the largest battle in the
history of the Western hemisphere.
 Over 27,000 men died in 3 days.
 It was the last time the South
invaded the North.
 South has no chance to win after
Gettysburg.

Gettysburg Address

that from these honored dead we take
increased devotion to that cause for
which they gave the last full measure of
devotion -- that we here highly resolve
that these dead shall not have died in
vain -- that this nation, under God, shall
have a new birth of freedom -- and that
government of the people, by the people,
for the people, shall not perish from the
earth.

Abe Lincoln
Timeline of the Civil War
1864
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May 5–6 The Battle of the Wilderness in Virginia is the
first of a bloody series of month-long engagements
between Grant and Lee.
June 1–3 The Battle of Cold Harbor results in heavy
Union casualties. Grant prepares for a ten month siege
of Petersburg.
June 28 Lincoln signs a bill repealing the fugitive slave
laws.
September 2 After forcing the Confederate army of
John Bell Hood out of Atlanta, Georgia, General William
T. Sherman captures the city, a major munitions center
for the South.
Timeline of the Civil War
1864

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November 8 Lincoln is reelected President, with
Andrew Johnson as Vice President.
November 16 Sherman leaves Atlanta and begins his
“march to the sea,” in an attempt to demoralize the
South and hasten surrender.
December 21 Savannah falls to Sherman’s army
without resistance. Sherman gives the city to Lincoln as
a Christmas present.
Timeline of the Civil War
1865
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January 31, 1865 Congress passes the Thirteenth
Amendment, which abolishes slavery throughout the
United States.
March 4 Lincoln is inaugurated as President for a
second term.
April 3 Union troops occupy Richmond.
April 9 Robert E. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern
Virginia to Grant at Appomattox.
Timeline of the Civil War
1865
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April 14 John Wilkes Booth shoots President Lincoln at
Ford’s Theater; Secretary of State William H. Seward is
stabbed and wounded in an assassination attempt inside
his Washington home.
June 30 All eight conspirators are convicted for the
assassination of President Lincoln; four are sentenced to
death.
Technology made Civil
War . . .
The Monitor
More efficient and deadly
Ironclad Riverboats
Vicksburg
Confederate Dead
Gettysburg, today there are trees
everywhere.
Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.
th
54
The
Regiment attack on
Fort Wagner, SC- July 18, 1863
Blacks in the Military
After the Emancipation
Proclamation blacks
began to join the Union
Army
 Initially they were only
used for manual labor
 Eventually, Blacks saw
live combat
 54th regiment out of
Massachusetts

William Carney
After four bloody years of civil war,
the South was defeated.
Civil War ended when Lee
surrendered to Grant at
APPOMATTOX COURT HOUSE
Results of the Civil War?
 Reconstruction
– time of
rebuilding the country after
the Civil War
Reconstruction Amendments
 13th
Amendment –
freed slaves
Reconstruction Amendments
 14th
Amendment – Everyone
born in the US is a citizen, due
process of law for all citizens.
 15th – Black male suffrage
Remember the
Reconstruction
Amendments this way:
Free Citizens
Vote!
Lincoln is assassinated
Punishment of the killers and
conspirators
Questions?
Quiz
1. When was the Civil War?
 2. What was 1 cause of the CW?
 3. What was another cause of CW?
 4. Who was President during CW?
 5. Which amendment banned
slavery?
 6. What was Reconstruction?
