Transcript Ch. 16, Section 5: The Way to Victory pg. 485

Ch. 16, Section 5: The Way to
Victory
pg. 485
 Main Idea: After 4 years
of war that claimed more
than 600,000 Americans,
the Northern forces
defeated the Southern
forces.
 Key Terms:
 Entrenched
 Total War
Southern Victories
 Robert E. Lee’s Army of
Northern Virginia seemed
too strong to beat in
1862 and 1863.
 They easily won the
Battle of Fredericksburg
on December 13, 1862,
in Virginia against
General Ambrose
Burnside.
 Because of his failure,
Burnside resigned.
 General Joseph Hooker
replaced him.
Chancellorsville
 Hooker rebuilt the army
 Lee attacked his troops
first and won another
victory at
Chancellorsville, Virginia,
near Fredericksburg in
May 1863.
Huge Turning Point of War
 General Stonewall Jackson
was among the heavy
causalities.
 Jackson died at
Chancellorsville from an
accidental shot by one of
the Confederate
companies.
 He died a week later.
The Tide of War Turns pgs. 486488
 Lee decided to invade
the North, hoping to
win aid for the
Confederacy from
Britain and France.
 The South was not
victorious as he
moved his 75,000
troops north in June.
War in the North
 Union General George
Meade replaced General
Hooker to find and fight
Lee’s troops and protect
Washington, D.C., and
Baltimore from attack.
Gettysburg
 The armies fought the
three-day Battle of
Gettysburg in July 1863.
 On the third day, 14,000
Confederate forces, led by
General Pickett, advanced
toward Union lines.
 The Union fired as the
Confederate troops
marched across open
territory.
 Lee’s troops retreated to
Virginia in defeat.
Images from Gettysburg
The Tide of War Turns
 Another Northern victory
occurred at the Battle of
Vicksburg, Mississippi.
 The Union gained control
of the Mississippi River, a
war goal, and isolated the
western Confederacy.
 This and the Battle of
Gettysburg were turning
points in the war.
Gettysburg Address
 On November 19, 1863,
Lincoln gave his famous
Gettysburg Address at a
ceremony dedicating a
cemetery at Gettysburg.
 This speech helped
Americans look ahead
and focus on building
America.
Final Phases of the War
pgs. 488-490
•
New Union leadership brought new plans to attack the Confederacy.
•
After the Northern victory at Chattanooga, Tennessee, led by
Generals Grant and Sherman, Lincoln named Grant commander of all
the Union armies.
•
The plan was to have the Army of the Potomac crush Lee’s army in
Virginia.
•
The western army under Sherman would advance to Atlanta and
crush the Confederate in the Deep South.
Grant the Aggressor
 Grant’s and Lee’s armies met in
three battles near Richmond
 The Battles of the Wilderness,
Spotsylvania Courthouse, and Cold
Harbor.
 The Confederacy held firm each
time Grant resumed the attack.
 Another attack at Petersburg
turned into a nine-month siege.
Grant hoped that Richmond would
fall, thereby cutting it off from the
rest of the Confederacy.
Final Phases of the War
 The North lost
thousands of
men and grew
tired of the war.
 Democrats
wanted to make
peace with the
South, but
Lincoln wanted
to restore the
Union.
Lincoln Reelected
 The end of the war was
in sight, and Lincoln won
reelection easily.
 In September 1864
Sherman captured
Atlanta, and the
Confederates were
driven out of
Shenandoah Valley in
Virginia.
Sherman’s March to the Sea
 Sherman’s army waged “total
war” as they then advanced
from Atlanta toward
Savannah, Georgia
 Destroying farms, killing
animals, and tearing up
railroad lines along the way.
 They captured Savannah and
devastated South Carolina as
the troops moved to meet
Grant in Virginia.
Victory for the North
 Lincoln talked about
the end of the war
and the hope for
peace in his Second
Inaugural Address in
1865.
 On April 2, 1865, Lee
withdrew his troops.
Rebel troops, civilians,
and gov’t officials fled,
setting fire to the city
of Richmond as they
left.
Surrender
 On April 9, 1865, Lee and
his troops surrendered to
Grant at Appomattox Court
House, a small Virginia
village.
 Grant asked only for their
arms, letting them keep
their horses and giving
them three days’ supply of
food.
Victory for the North
•
Confederate forces in North Carolina surrendered to
General Sherman several days later.
•
Jefferson Davis, the president of the Confederacy, was
captured on May 10 in Georgia.
•
The war was over.
Legacy of the War
 The war had several consequences.
 1. The Civil War was the most devastating in American history.
More than 600,000 soldiers died. It caused billions of dollars
worth of damage, mostly in the South.
 2. Bitter feelings between Southerners and Northerners lasted for
generations.
 3. The federal gov’t was strengthened and became more powerful
than the states.
 4. The war freed millions of African Americans