Transcript A Nation Divided

A Nation Divided
Leading to secession…
• Lincoln elected
President in 1860 with
no Southern votes
• Southern States lose
voice in Congress
• Argument over
slavery
• Extra burden on
South due to tariffs
Secession
• South Carolina secedes on December 24,
1860 citing the doctrine of state’s rights
• 10 other Southern states follow in the next
few months:
• Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Alabama,
Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, North
Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia
1.
State
South
Carolina
Seceded
from Union
Dec. 20, 1860
Readmitted
to Union1
July 9, 1868
2.
Mississippi
Jan. 9, 1861
Feb. 23, 1870
3.
Florida
Jan. 10, 1861
June 25, 1868
4.
Alabama
Jan. 11, 1861
July 13, 1868
5.
Georgia
Jan. 19, 1861
July 15, 1870
6.
Louisiana
Jan. 26, 1861
July 9, 1868
7.
Texas
March 2, 1861
March 30, 1870
8.
Virginia
April 17, 1861
Jan. 26, 1870
9.
Arkansas
May 6, 1861
June 22, 1868
10.
North
Carolina
May 20, 1861
July 4, 1868
11.
Tennessee
June 8, 1861
July 24, 1866
2
Confederate States of America
• Established in Feb. 1861—Jefferson Davis
is elected President, capital is in
Richmond, VA
• Lincoln states in inaugural address that
the secession is “legally void”
• Southern states begin taking over
installations, custom houses, and ports
Civil War Begins
• On April 10, 1861, Brig. Gen.
Beauregard, in command of the
provisional Confederate forces at
Charleston, South Carolina,
demanded the surrender of the
Union garrison of Fort Sumter in
Charleston Harbor. Garrison
commander Anderson refused. On
April 12, Confederate batteries
opened fire on the fort, which
was unable to reply effectively. At
2:30 p.m., April 13, Major Anderson
surrendered Fort Sumter,
evacuating the garrison on the
following day. The bombardment
of Fort Sumter was the opening
engagement of the American
Civil War. Although there were no
casualties during the
bombardment, one Union artillerist
was killed and three wounded (one
mortally) when a cannon exploded
prematurely when firing a salute
during the evacuation.
• Lincoln wants to preserve the Union at all
costs
• Gov’ts of Missouri and Kentucky
remained in the Union—but rival fractions
of these two states fought on both sides
• When Virginia met in the wake of the
shots being fired at Ft. Sumter, 32 of the
47 Western delegates voted against
joining the CSA = Virginia and West
Virginia
America Expects a Short War
NORTH
• More resources:
factories, railroads, larger
population (22 million),
better finances
• Strategy--Anaconda Plan:
blockade ports, split
South on Mississippi
River, capture capital
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SOUTH
Struggling to make it as a
nation
Strategy is defensive
Generals are more
experienced
Know land and climate-used to being outside
Generals encouraged to
attack when opportunity
arises
Seek help from Britain
Bull Run
• July 21, 1861
• Union= McDowell
CSA=Stonewall Jackson
• Union takes upper hand, but
by late afternoon CSA
reinforcements arrive turning
the tide
• Union retreats
• CSA too exhausted and
disorganized to follow
• CSA Victory = boosted
morale
• Citizens watched the battle
Shiloh
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April 1862
Union: Grant
CSA: Johnston
CSA attacks first at dawn—unexpected,
Grant reorganizes and counterattacks next
morning
• Costly victory for Grant
• Demonstrates the cost of war will be
tremendous
Antietam
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Sept. 1862
Union: McClellan, Hooker
CSA: Lee, Burnside
Bloodiest single day of the war—more
than 26,000
• Union Victory, but do not proceed after
retreating Confederates
Confederate Victories
• Dec. 1862—Fredericksburg
• May 1862—Chancellorsville: Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson killed by friendly fire
Emancipation Proclamation
• Issued by Lincoln
• Freed all slaves in enemy territory
• Used as military strategy—without slaves,
South has no slave labor!
• Gave higher cause to war
• January 1, 1863
Gettysburg
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July 1863
Lee invades the North
Union: Meade
CSA: Lee
Pickett’s Charge: final attempt by CSA to turn
battle around
• Turning point of war as Lee is defeat
• Marks not receiving aid from Britain
• Confederate moral low at this point
• Gettysburg Address:
• One of greatest speeches in American history
• Lincoln dedicated the Gettysburg battlefield
Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth upon this continent a
new nation: conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all
men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war. . .testing
whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated. . . can
long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that war.
We have come to dedicate a portion of that field as a final resting place for
those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether
fitting and proper that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate. . .we cannot consecrate. . . we
cannot hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled
here have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The
world will little note, nor long remember, what we say here, but it can never
forget what they did here.
It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which
they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to
be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us. . .that from these
honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave
the last full measure of devotion. . . that we here highly resolve that these
dead shall not have died in vain. . . that this nation, under God, shall have a
new birth of freedom. . . and that government of the people. . .by the people.
. .for the people. . . shall not perish from the earth.
Vicksburg: South is Split
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July 1863
Vicksburg
Union: Grant
CSA: Pemberton
Long siege— Vicksburg
falls just one day after
Gettysburg
• Splits the CSA at
Mississippi River, 2nd
turning point
• Grant is called by Lincoln
to command Union forces
http://www.pbs.org/civilwar/war/map11.html
Sherman’s March to the Sea
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1864
Union: William Tecumseh Sherman
Total warfare—”War is Hell”
Burning of Atlanta
Idea was to destroy the will to fight
Path of destruction—killed crops,
livestock, houses, businesses, etc.
A Georgia Girl describes the results
of Sherman’s March
“The fields were trampled down and the
road was lined with carcasses of horses,
hogs, and cattle that the invaders, unable
to consume or to carry away with them,
had wantonly shot down, to starve out the
people and prevent them from making
their crops…The dwellings that were
standing all showed signs of pilage…while
here and there stood lonely chimney
stacks…homes laid in ashes…”
Confederacy Wears Down
• After losses at Gettysburg and Vicksburg morale
was low
• Food, shoes, uniforms, guns and ammunition
were in short supply
• Grant’s goal is to immobilize the Confederates
by fighting battle after battle, he has the
population to replace losses
• Lee is in retreat, Sherman is coming up from the
South
• Lincoln wants war to end
War Ends
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Appomattox Courthouse
April 9, 1865
Grant surrounds Lee outside of Richmond
Lee surrenders at Appomattox Courthouse
• APRIL 14, 1865 THE AMERICAN FLAG IS RAISED
AT FORT SUMTER!!
FAST FACTS
• First modern war (large casualties, total warfare,
very little hand to hand combat, new weapons like
repeating riffle, iron clad ships, telegraph and
railroad, trench warfare, and observation balloons)
• Bloodiest conflict in American history
• Brother against Brother
• Claimed more lives than the Revolution, WWI,
WWII, War of 1812, and Vietnam combined.
Civil War Timeline Part 2
• Create a timeline
• Include 2 major fact about each event
• Include the month and year of the
event
• Give your timeline a title
• Include at least 3 additional pictures
• QUIZ GRADE!
• DUE FRIDAY AT BEGINNING OF
CLASS
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Gettysburg
Vicksburg
Ft. Sumter
Appomattox
Courthouse
Bull Run
Antietam
Emancipation
Proclamation
Sherman’s March
Chancellorsville
Shiloh
Civil War Timeline Part 2
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Create a timeline
Include 2 major fact about each event
Include the month and year of the event
Give your timeline a title
Include at least 3 additional pictures
QUIZ GRADE!
DUE FRIDAY AT BEGINNING OF CLASS
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Gettysburg
Vicksburg
Ft. Sumter
Appomattox
Courthouse
Bull Run
Antietam
Emancipation
Proclamation
Sherman’s March
Chancellorsville
Shiloh