Transcript A Nation Divided

A Nation Divided
The Eve of War
(Take notes on the
following slides)
Names for Sides
• North
• Union
• United States of America
• Federals
• U.S.A
• South
• Confederacy
• Confederate States of America
• CSA
Flag
• North
• Stars and Stripes
• South
• Stars and Bars
• Separate Battle & State Flags
Population
• North
• 22,350,000
• South
• 9,100,000
• 3,900,000 were slaves
Industries
• North
• 92% of the Nation’s Industries
were in the North
• South
• Very little industrial development,
mostly an agrarian (farming)
economy
Railroads Mileage
• North
• 75% of the nation’s RR track were
in the North
• South
• Significantly fewer railroads were
in the South
Financial Resources
• North
• Had 75% of the nation’s wealth
• Banking
• Manufacturing
• Shipping
• South
• Most of the wealth was in land and
slaves
Leadership
• North
• Abraham Lincoln
• Had extensive experience as a lawyer
• Limited experience in Congress
• No military experience
• South
• Jefferson Davis
• Had been senator from Miss.
• Secretary of war
• Military experience during the Mexican
War
Generals
• North
• Most were West Point graduates
• Few union generals were effective in
leading Unions armies until U.S. Grant’s
rise during 1862-1864
• South
• General Robert E. Lee
• Perhaps the South’s greatest advantage
• Brilliant, bold military leaders from
• Virginia Military Institute (VMI)
• West Point
• Other academies
Strategies
• North
• Bring the South back into the
Union ASAP
• Never recognize the South’s
independence or its “right” to
leave the Union
• Strangle the South with a naval
blockade (Anaconda Plan)
Strategies
• South
• Fight a defensive war until the
Union no longer has the will to
fight
• Stress how secession is same
thing as the 13 colonies pulling out
of the British empire in 1776
• Capture Washington, D.C.
Capital
• North
• Washington, D.C.
• South
• Montgomery, Alabama for awhile
• Richmond, Virginia
Naval Power
• North
• Large navy which grew even larger
as the war progressed
• South
• Virtually no navy at the start of the
war
Cause for Fighting
• North
• To preserve the Union at first
• Later the emancipation (freeing) of
the slaves
• South
• To gain independence
• To save the “Southern Way of Life”
including slavery
• States Rights
Names for troops
• North
•
•
•
•
Federals
Yanks
Billy Yanks
Yankees
•
•
•
•
•
•
Rebels
Rebs
Confederates
Graybacks
Butternuts
Johnnies
• South
Intangibles
(strengths & weaknesses)
• North
• Battles fought away from home
Intangibles
(strengths & weaknesses)
• North
• Battles fought away from home
• Less skills in the military arts
Intangibles
(strengths & weaknesses)
• North
• Battles fought away from home
• Less skills in the military arts
• Thousands of immigrants fighting
for no purpose that made sense to
them
Intangibles
(strengths & weaknesses)
• North
• Battles fought away from home
• Less skills in the military arts
• Thousands of immigrants fighting
for no purpose that made sense to
them
• Farm acreage
• 65% of crops were wheat and corn
Intangibles
(strengths & weaknesses)
• North
• Battles fought away from home
• Less skills in the military arts
• Thousands of immigrants fighting
for no purpose that made sense to
them
• Farm acreage
• 65% of crops were wheat and corn
• Divided politically
Intangibles
(strengths & weaknesses)
• South
• Traditionally protecting their homes and
way of life
Intangibles
(strengths & weaknesses)
• South
• Traditionally protecting their homes and
way of life
• Fought on their own land, which they
knew better than their opponents
Intangibles
(strengths & weaknesses)
• South
• Traditionally protecting their homes and
way of life
• Fought on their own land, which they
knew better than their opponents
• Military tradition- nearly every male
citizen skilled in riding horses and using
rifles skillfully
Intangibles
(strengths & weaknesses)
• South
• Traditionally protecting their homes and
way of life
• Fought on their own land, which they
knew better than their opponents
• Military tradition- nearly every male
citizen skilled in riding horses and using
rifles skillfully
• Violence was a traditional aspect of
Southern society
Intangibles
(strengths & weaknesses)
• South
• Traditionally protecting their homes and
way of life
• Fought on their own land, which they
knew better than their opponents
• Military tradition- nearly every male
citizen skilled in riding horses and using
rifles skillfully
• Violence was a traditional aspect of
Southern society
• Strong military tradition-Many Army and
Navy officers were recruited
Civil War Video
@ 29:20 minutes into video #2