Transcript The Civil War

The
Civil War
(1861-1865)
EU: The Civil War, begun as a
limited struggle over the Union,
eventually became a total war to end
slavery and transform the nation.
(Change over time – the goal of the
war)
The Great Emancipator?
Assess the following claim: Lincoln has
often been called “The Great
Emancipator.” This is a misnomer. Many
other actors were much more crucial to the
emancipation of the slaves than Abraham
Lincoln, who was reluctant and slow in
coming to the decision and cautious and
ineffectual in its execution. Further, the
Emancipation Proclamation was not the
revolutionary document that some
historians claim.
Events Prior to the War
•November 6, 1860 – Lincoln elected President
•December 20, 1860 South Carolina secedes from Union
•February 8, 1861 Confederates States of America formed, Jefferson
Davis – President
•March 4, 1861 – Lincoln inauguration
•April 12, 1861 – Fort Sumter attacked – Civil War begins!
Fort Sumter – Charleston, South Carolina
3000 shell hits in 36 hour battle.
Slave/Free States
Population, 1861
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the
South
The Union & Confederacy in
1861
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
The Confederate “White House”
The Confederate Seal
MOTTO
“With God As Our Vindicator”
A Northern View of Jeff Davis
Overview
of
the North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
“Anaconda
”
Plan
The “Anaconda” Plan
Winfield Scott believed an
effective "Blockade" of
Southern ports, a strong
thrust down the
Mississippi Valley with a
large force, and the
establishment of a line of
strong Federal positions
there would isolate the
disorganized Confederate
nation "and bring it to
terms."
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
McClellan: I Can Do It All!
South’s victory increased
overconfidence (desertions
increased, enlistments decreased)
North’s defeat caused them to
prepare for a long war
General George McClellan given
command of Army of the Potomac
(main army in Washington D.C.)
Great organizer &
drillmaster, but too cautious
(refused to move the army;
always believed he was
outnumbered)
Lincoln ordered him to advance –
Spring 1862 Peninsula Campaign
100,000 Union troops under
McClellan advance to
peninsula b/w James and York
Rivers
Lincoln pulled him away from
Richmond to stop Stonewall
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
The “new kid in town” – U.S.
Grant
February 1862 – Grant seizes Fort
Henry and Fort Donelson in TN.
April 6-7, 1862 “Total War”
introduced by Grant: Battle at Shiloh
Grant demands unconditional
surrender
Significance:
Secured KY for Union
Opened Tennessee line
Opened route to GA
The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.
the Merrimac
Buy Your Way Out of
Military Service
War in the East: 1861-1862
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
General Robert E Lee is stopped by
McClellan, by days ends 26,000 are dead,
wounded or missing. Lee Withdraws to VA.
Lincoln restored McClellan to command of
Northern Army
Northern soldiers found a copy of Lee’s
battle plans wrapped around 3 cigars
dropped by a Confederate officer.
*Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation is
written.
Emancipation in 1863
The
Emancipation
Proclamation
Jan 1, 1863
The Southern View of Emancipation
African-American Recruiting Poster
The Famous 54th Massachusetts
Black Troops Freeing Slaves
Extensive Legislation Passed
Without the South in Congress
1861 – Morrill Tariff Act 1862 – Homestead Act
1862 – Legal Tender Act
1862 – Morrill Land Grant Act -This gave each
state 30,000 acres of public land for each Senator
and Representative. These numbers were based
on the census of 1860. The land was then to be
sold and the money from the sale of the land was
to be put in an endowment fund which would
provide support for the colleges in each of the
states.
1862 – Emancipation Proclamation
(1/1/1863)
1863 – Pacific Railway Act
The War in the West, 1863:
Vicksburg
July 4, 1863 – Vicksburg
Grant laid siege to city for
several months (starving the
city out)
Vicksburg surrendered to
Grant the day after Lee’s
loss at Gettysburg
Importance of July 4, 1863:
Lee retreats out of N after
loss at Gettysburg
S surrenders at Vicksburg,
giving the Union access to
the MS River
Ex-slaves truly celebrate
Independence Day for the
first time
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
Lee marched into Pennsylvania – hoping strong victory in
N would give strength to peace Dems in N & get BR or
FR to help S
July 1-3, 1863: GETTYSBURG
Meade (92,000 men) took the good land
Lee (76,000 men) attacked
3 day battle
General George Pickett’s charge against Union lines
driven back, breaking Confederate advance, forcing
Lee to retreat
As far North as South ever got
Confederate peace delegation was rejected by Lincoln
Last chance for Southern victory; final two years were fighting a lost
cause
TURNING POINT of the Civil War
November 19, 1863 – Gettysburg Address delivered by Lincoln
The North
Initiates the
Draft, 1863
Recruiting Irish Immigrants in NYC
Recruiting Blacks in NYC
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
NYC Draft Riots, (July 13-16, 1863)
A “Pogrom” Against Blacks
The Progress of War: 1861-1865
Sherman’s
“March
to the
Sea”
through
Georgia,
1864
1864 Election
Pres. Lincoln (R)
George McClellan (D)
The Peace Movement: Copperheads
Clement Vallandigham
1864 Copperhead Campaign
Poster
Presidential
Election
Results:
1864
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
Casualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other
Wars
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth
The Assassination
WANTED~~!!
Now He Belongs to the Ages!
The Execution