Transcript Ch 11 The Civil War

Major Civil War Battles
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First Bull Run
Gettysburg
Atlanta
Appomattox
Antietam
Vicksburg
• Things To Picture
• Date
• Important People
• Landmarks
Gettysburg
• The significance in
the overall war
Ch 11 The Civil War
Gettysburg
Sec 1 Choosing Sides
• General Winfield
Scott asked Robert E.
Lee to command the
Union Army
• However, Lee was
from Virginia, so he
chose to support and
lead the confederacy
Advantages and Disadvantages
• 7 of the 8 military colleges in the nation
were in the south
• ¾ of the U.S. Navy and officers were in
the North
• All but one of the navy’s shipyards were
under Union control
Advantages and Disadvantages
• North
South
- 2x the population
+−
-1/3 of the
south population is
enslaved
- Industry/Economy
+
- Food supplies
- Extensive Railroads
+−
- Only 1 rail line
- National Treasury
+
- Better military
leaders
• Congress passed the
Legal Tender Act –
Feb. 1862, to allow
the government to
issue a national
currency and start to
print colored money
called greenbacks
• The Union navy
blockaded southern
ports and cut off the
south’s economy of
trade
• In 1862 Congress
required states to use
conscription, or the draft
• This caused riots in many
states
• Lincoln suspended writs of habeas corpus
– a person’s right not to be imprisoned
unless charged with a crime and given a
trial
• He did so to silence anti-war critics in the
North especially in border states
Weak Southern Government
• The Confederate Constitution limited
Jefferson Davis’ powers much like the
Articles of Confederation
First Modern War
• New cone shaped bullets were used
• Instead of standing in line troops started to
use trenches and barricades to defend
themselves
War Strategies
• Jefferson Davis wanted the war to be a
Defensive war of attrition
• The Union plan was called the Anaconda
Plan – this was proposed by Winfield Scott
Sec 2 The Early Stages
• In the first few months of the war Lincoln
was under pressure to attack General
PGT Beauregard and the confederates
quickly
• The place would be south of Washington,
near Manassas Junction
• Confederate
reinforcements were
led by Thomas
“Stonewall” Jackson
The Naval War
• Blockade Runners – smaller faster ships
used to smuggle goods, became effective
against the blockade
• Union ships led by David
G. Farragut, captured New
Orleans control of the
Mississippi River 1862
The War in the West
• In Feb. 1862, Union General Ulysses S.
Grant had victories at Forts Henry and
Donelson
• The Union army won the Battle of Shiloh
even after a surprise attack from the
Confederates but twenty thousand troops
were killed
War in the East
• George B McClellan
took over the Union
army after McDowell’s
defeat at the First Bull
Run
• The Union wanted to
capture Richmond
• Lee then attacked the Union forces
defending Washington and that became
the second Battle of Bull Run
• Confederates troops won and were just 20
miles from Washington
• McClellan and his troops took position
along Antietam Creek
• The Antietam victory was
huge for the Union and
devastating for the south
• This convinced Lincoln it
was time to end slavery in
the South
• On Sept 1862, Lincoln announced he
would issue the Emancipation
Proclamation
• Slaves would be free as of Jan 1, 1863 in
the “states in rebellion”
Sec 3 Life During the War
• As the southern economy collapsed during
the civil war, the north experienced a great
time of growth and production
• African Americans were allowed to enlist
in the Union army after the Emancipation
proclamation
• The 54th Massachusetts was the first black
regiment in the north and they were key in
the battle of Fort Wagner
Medical Care
• Clara Barton was famous for her devotion
and care of soldiers in the civil war
• Florence Nightingale – a British nurse was
a huge influence on American women who
wanted to go into nursing
Sec 4
The Turning Point
• The Union army successfully completed
their strategy of cutting the south into two
with the battle of Vicksburg
• Grant put the city under siege and cut off
its food supplies until confederate troops
surrendered on July 4, 1863
Gettysburg
• Lincoln fired McClellan because he let Lee
escape at Antietam
• He gave command to Ambrose Burnside
• Burnside attacked Lee at Fredericksburg
(Chancellorsville) and the union army
suffered enormous casualties
• Burnside was then replaced with Joseph
Hooker
• Lee defeated Hooker and then attacked
Pennsylvania
• Hooker was replaced with Gen. George
Meade
• Meade and Lee would then meet up at
Gettysburg
• Lee ordered Gen. George Pickett to
charge 15,000 confederates at the Union
• The Confederacy lost 28,000 men, 1/3 of
Lees’ army, the Union lost 23,000
• President Lincoln came to Gettysburg in
November 1863 to dedicate the battlefield
as a cemetery and delivered the
Gettysburg Address
Sec 5 The War Ends
• On Sept 1,
Sherman’s troops
occupied the city of
Atlanta and burned
down 1/3 of the city
• Nov 15, 1864, Sherman started his March
to the Sea
• He destroyed everything in his path until
they reached the coast and seized
Savannah on Dec. 21, 1864
• Lincoln won re-election in 1864 against his
old General, McClellan
• The 13th Amendment – banned slavery in
the U.S.
• Robert E. Lee surrendered to Grant at
Appomattox Courthouse on April 9, 1865
• April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth shot
and killed Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre
• The civil war results…
– The Union was preserved and strengthened
the power of federal government over the
states
– Slavery was ended
– The South’s society and economy were
devastated