Transcript document
Chapter 6 – Civil War & Reconstruction P174 Ch 6 Overview Lesson 1 – Early years of Civil War Lesson 2 – hardships faced by soldiers & civilians during the war Lesson 3 – describes how the North won the war Lesson 4 – Reconstruction Lesson 5 – challenges faced by former slaves after the end of Reconstruction Begin p176 Ch 6 Lesson 1 – A Nation at War Vocab: border states, casualties, draft, emancipation Objectives: U3-10: Compare strengths of Confederacy & Union U3-11: Identify important early battles and events of the Civil War U3-12: Describe the significance of the Emancipation Porclamation Ch 6 L1 – p176 The Confederacy’s plan for winning the war was to fight off northern attacks until the Union gave up and to get help from Britain & France At the battle of Antietam, the Union army stopped General Lee from invading the North. The armies suffered a combined 22000 casualties Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy (South) couldn’t get enough food, $, & weapons because the Union blockade closed most southern ports. Davis had to start a draft b/c not enough people wanted to join the army. The Confederate states ignored his orders b/c they didn’t want to give up their power Ch 6 L1 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation b/c he knew that freeing the enslaved people could hurt the Confederacy. Enslaved people who worked on southern farms could help the North instead The Battle of Gettysburg was a turning point of the war b/c about ½ of General Lee’s men were killed or wounded. The Confederate army was so weakened that their army had to retreat Objectives & Summary Ch6 L1 Confederacy strengths included fighting on home turf & talented military commanders. Union advantages were greater population, more factories (= more $), and more railroad lines Important battles = 1st battle of Bull Run, Battle of Antietam, Vicksburg & Gettysburg Emancipation Proclamation declared enslaved people in the Confederacy free and turned slavery into the key issue of the war Ch 6 L2 – The Human Face of War p184 Vocab: camp, homefront, civilian Objectives: U3-13: Describe conditions that soldiers faced during Civil War U3-14: Explain how the war affected people on the home fronts both in North & South Clara Barton: headed the American Red Cross Ch 6 L2 p184 Soldiers faced many problems Life on the home front was difficult Not enough food Women ran their families’ homes & businesses Dangers in battle & from diseases Civilians in the South did not have enough food Ch 6 L2 Women on both sides of the war dressed as men and joined the army, spied, cared for the sick & wounded Soldiers read, sang, & wrote letters to eliminate boredom of camp life. Others put on shows or printed newspapers Immigrants from Germany, Ireland, & Italy joint the Union army The Civil War was so deadly because rifles could shoot farther and more accurately than ever, and disease killed twice as many soldiers as fighting did Ch 6 L2 Women ran farms & businesses. Thousands sewed uniforms, knitted socks, made bandages & raised $$ for both armies. Some were nurses Confederate $$ became almost worthless this Inflation made food and other items very expensive Objectives & Summary Ch 6 L2 Soldiers lived in camps, where they waited for news from home. Powerful rifles & rampant disease led to many casualties Home front effects included inflation and hunger in the South & personal losses to families in the North & South. Many women had to take over traditionally male responsibilities Overview Union Soldiers Ate poor food; Some were immigrants & African Americans Confederate Soldiers Did not have enough food Ch 6 L3 – The War Ends p190 Vocab: telegraph, total war, desert Objectives: U3-15: Explain factors, including strategy of total war, which helped Union defeat Confederacy U3-16: Describe end of war, including Lee’s surrender to Grant Telegraph messages were sent by Morse code, a system of patters of dots & dashes created by inventor Samuel Morse William Tecumseh Sherman went to West Point as a young man. After graduating, he served several military assignments in the South, which helped him learn about southern people & geography Ch 6 L3 p190 General Grant planned to end the war by leading an army to defeat General Lee’s soldiers and capture Richmond. At the same time, General Sherman’s army would attack Atlanta During Sherman’s march at Sea, Sherman’s army marched though Georgia from Atlanta to Savannah, destroying nearly everything they passed Grant’s army received food, supplies & soldiers while in Richmond. The Confederate army was running out of reinforcements Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865 Ch 6 L3 Objective & Summary Factors that helped the Union defeat the Confederacy were greater availability of soldiers and supplies in the North & Sherman’s strategy of total war, which devastated much of the South The war ended with Lee’s surrender to Grant after a long face-off near Richmond and increased desertion by Confederate troops Sequence of Events leading to the END of the WAR Sherman’s March Lee & Grant face each other near Richmond Confederate Army runs out of supplies Lee surrenders Ch 6 L4 – Reconstruction p196 Vocab: reconstruction, assassination, Freedmen’s Bureau, impeach Objectives: U3-17: Compare different plans for reuniting the country and rebuilding the South after the Civil War U3-18: Describe how the Constitution changed to protect the rights of African Americans after the war Ch 6 L4 p196 Some people wanted to punish the South Some people wanted to make it easy for the South to come back to the Union Some people wanted to protect the rights of African Americans The country could not agree on how to rebuild the South Ch 6 L4 Reconstruction was a huge challenge for Americans b/c the South had to be reunited w/ the rest of the country, but Americans could not agree on how it should be done Lincoln planned to let the southern states set up new state gov’ts and quickly rejoin the Union Booth assassinated Lincoln b/c he supported the Confederacy & was angry about the South’s defeat Ch 6 L4 Black Codes were laws passed by southern states to limit rights of former enslaved people to travel, vote, & work in certain jobs The purpose of the Freedman’s Bureau was to provide food, clothing, medical care, & legal advice to poor blacks and whites. It set up hospitals & schools for newly freed people Congress took over reconstruction & put the South under military rule. Then Congress tried to impeach President Johnson – but failed Ch 6 L4 Carpetbaggers were people from the North who went South to make $$ during Reconstruction Scalawags was a slang for an old worthless horse but was used to refer to those southerners who helped the gov’t during Reconstruction KNOW that the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the US 14th Amendment = gave African Americans full citizenship & guaranteed due process of law 15th Amendment = gave African American men the right to vot Many African Americans began taking part in gov’t, ran for office & became gov’t leaders after winning right to vote Ch 6 L4 Objective & Summary After the war some northerners wanted to punish the South; Lincoln wanted to let the South rejon the Union easily; Radical Republicans wanted to change the South, especially with regard to African Americans’ rights The Constitution’s 13th Amendment ended slavery; 14th Amendment full citizenship to African Americans; 15th Amendment African American men right to vote Ch 6 L5 – The Challenge of Freedom p206 Vocab: sharecropping, Jim Crow, segregation Objectives: U3-20: Explain the effects of Reconstruction policies on the South after the Civil War U3-21: Describe the end of Reconstruction in the South Background/Info on the Tuskegee Institute – The Tuskegee Institute began w/ $2000 for teachers’ salaries but nothing for land or buildings. Booker T. Washington got a $200 loan to purchase land for the school. Students built its first buildings and grew food for the school. Wealthy people such as Andrew Carnegie & John D Rockefeller contributed to the Tuskegee Institute Ch 6 L5 Sharecropping: a farmer keeps a part (or a share) of a crop & gives the rest to the landowner Benefits of sharecropping: landowners let poor farmers farm small areas of land in return for a share of the crop Sharecroppers usually stayed poor because they owed $$ to the landowners, making it hard to get out of debt Many freed African Americans became sharecroppers b/c they wanted to be farmers but could not afford to buy land Ch 6 L5 Many Americans felt disappointed with Reconstruction b/c they felt it has not successfully reunited the nation Jim Crow laws refer to laws that promoted segregation and unequal treatment during this time period Jim Crow laws segregated schools, hospitals, cemeteries, etc. George Washington Carver is known for studying the peanut & credited for its’ many uses Challenges of newly freed African Americans Jim Crow laws Lack of good schools & hospitals African Americans faced challenges segregation sharecropping