Transcript Chapter 6
Chapter 6 Civil War and Reconstruction Lesson 1 Main Ideas • The Union and Confederacy had different strengths. • Military and political leaders played important roles during the war. • Events in 1863 helped the Union become stronger in the Civil War. North vs South • 11 states in the south left the union due to disagreements on states rights • Border states were Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland and Delaware separating the north from the south • S Carolina was the 1st state to leave the Union North Advantages • Large population to train soldiers • Lots of factories to produce war materials • More railroad lines to move supplies South Advantages • Knew the territory since most fighting was in the south • Excellent military leaders • Robert E Lee-skilled and respected Confederate general who had fought in previous war Strategy/Plans: Quick & Easy? • North: Anaconda Plan-the Navy blocked Confederate ports and the Army attacked by land • South: Keep fighting until the Confederacy was a separate nation; expected help from Europe due to their need for cotton grown in the south July 1861 • Union Army marched to take Confederate capital in Virginia • Battle of Bull Run: Union retreated-people now realized the war was not going to be quick and easy and would last a long time with many deaths • Most Confederate victories were in Virginia Leaders • Robert E Lee-led soldiers to the Battle of Antietam (deadliest day of war) in Maryland • Ulysses Grant-planned to capture Vicksburg, Miss (the last Confederate town) • Jefferson Davis-Pres of Confederates-started draft • Abraham Lincoln-Pres of Union-started draft too Lincoln’s Plan • Goal: keep the country together • Emancipation Proclamation-document that freed the slaves (turning point in war) • Confederates ignored law so fighting continued • Now the goal changed: it was to free the slaves Vicksburg • Surrendered after 6 weeks of battlessignificance? Now the Union controlled the Mississippi River which separated Arkansas and Texas Gettysburg • Lee and Confederates attacked Union again in Pennsylvania but was met by Union soldiers and cannons • They retreated and gave the Union a huge advantage in the war • Gettysburg Address-Lincoln’s speech describes how to ensure America’s democracy Lesson 2 Main Ideas • Soldiers in the Civil War faced problems other than fighting • The Civil War was difficult for people at home, especially in the South Soldier’s Life • Read, sang or wrote letters due to boredom at camp • Yucky food if any at all • Different backgrounds-white U.S. men at first, eventually immigrants, young children even African Americans, and even a few disguised women Battles and Diseases Known as the deadliest war in history Clara Barton-founder of the Red CrossSouthern woman that cared for wounded soldiers Back at Home • Families stayed home • Women took on new tasks like running businesses and farms • Photographers, like Mathew Brady in the south sent pictures to the north • Different kinds of money was printed • Inflation in the south increased crime Lesson 3 Main Ideas • The Union tried to force the south to surrender by destroying resources • Grant’s attacks in Virginia wore down Lee’s army and forced it to surrender Union Victories • Had to destroy the ability for the south to fight • Grant led army to Virginia and Sherman led army to Tennessee to circle Atlanta, Georgia • Sherman’s March-fought May-Sept and the Union won Atlanta • They also won Mobile Bay, Alabama Sherman’s March • Soldiers marched from Atlanta to Savannah and destroyed everything along the way • They stole food, killed animals, and wrecked factories, set homes on fire and destroyed railroad tracks • At the same time, Grant had victories in Richmond, Virginia Surrender • Union fought Confederacy for over a year in Richmond when Lee retreated • April 9, 1865-Lee/Confederacy surrendered • Grant told the Union not to celebrate but to welcome the Confederacy into the Union • Both sides saluted each other in the end • By June, there was no more fighting Lesson 4 Main Ideas • President Lincoln and Congress disagreed about how to rebuild the south • Congress took control of Reconstruction from Andrew Johnson • Congress changed the Constitution to protect the rights of African Americans Reconstruction of the South • Reconstruction = Reunited • Lincoln did not want to punish the South but most northerners did Lincoln was soon assassinated by John Wilkes Booth at the Ford Theatre in Washington Andrew Johnson • Slavery was abolished in state Constitutions but African Americans were still not treated equally • Freedman’s Bureau-provided food, clothing, medical care and legal advice to poor people. It also helped people find jobs. Impeachment of Johnson • Due to disagreements, Congress tried to impeach Johnson due to breaking rules • Scalawags-helped government during Reconstruction (worthless horse) • Carpetbaggers-Northerners that traveled to the South to supposedly help reconstruct but they were greedy and just wanted money Amendments • 13: ended slavery throughout the U.S. • 14: gave U.S. citizenship to African Americans which gave them due process of law and said to treat all citizens equally • 15: African American MEN could vote • Power of voting: elect leaders that make fair rules and judgments • States continued to struggle with acceptance of all citizens The New South • Economy grew quickly in north • Southern farmers struggled with production • South had lost money and men plus ruined homes, farms, machines, factories and railroads • Popular new cities: Atlanta, Richmond, and Charleston Lesson 5 Main Ideas • Freed African Americans looked for ways to make a living after the end of slavery • African Americans worked and studied to overcome new laws that limited their rights Free at Last • • • • Freed slaves struggled to make a living Some became involved in politics Many educated themselves Few were truly treated equally though Sharecroppers • Poor whites and former slaves wanted to farm but couldn’t afford land so they farmed on someone else’s land and shared their crops with the landowner • Gave African Americans independence Hate groups • KKK was formed to intimidate African Americans • This group robbed, whipped, and killed African Americans • Jim Crow Laws kept African Americans separated • Segregation-forced separation of people based on color/race Schooling • Booker T Washington (former slave) opened Tuskegee Institute in Alabama for African Americans could receive education and equal treatment • George Washington Carver-famous teacher at Tuskegee Institute studies how to improve lives of poor southern farmers. Invented over 300 products made from peanuts Chapter Review • • • • Complete page 212 Numbers 1-13 Write answers in complete sentences Do not begin sentences with pronouns or and or because • Read your answer to make sure it makes sense to someone that knows nothing about the Civil War Test Time • • • • Study the Power Point Know vocabulary Know important names Change main ideas into questions and answer them thoroughly • Read it, Write it, Say it, Know it! • I expect A’s!!!!!!