Transcript Civil War Reconstruction

Civil War
Reconstruction
Summer School
Day 1
Civil War
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North vs South
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Union vs
Confederacy
Causes of the Civil War
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1. Economics
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Cotton Gin – Eli Whitney
Made South
one-crop economy.
North
industrial economy.
Causes of the Civil War
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2. Cultural Differences
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South – Agricultural and rural
North – Industrial and urban
3. States Rights vs Federal Rights
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Southern states - strong rights/powers for the
state governments.
Northern states – Strong Federal Rights
Causes of the Civil War
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4. The Slavery Issue
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As the country
expands, is slavery
allowed to expand?
The Slavery Question
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Missouri Compromise
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Everything North of 36o 30’ was closed to slavery
Compromise of 1850
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California added to Union as free state
New Mexico and Utah decide for themselves
Compromise of 1850
Page 160
The Slavery Question
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Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
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Kansas could decide whether or not to allow
slavery. (Repealed Missouri Compromise)
Bleeding Kansas
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Pro-slavery Missouri citizens voted in Kansas.
Violence erupted over the results
Kansas/Nebraska Act
Violence erupts in the Senate
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Sen. Charles Sumner, Mass. Delivers anti-slavery speech against Sen. Andrew
Butler, SC Butler’s nephew, Sen. Preston Brooks, attacked Sumner.
The Slavery Issue
1850’s
Causes of the Civil War
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5. Election of Lincoln
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South believed Lincoln
was anti-slavery.
South Carolina first to
secede
Then, MS, FL, AL, GA,
LA, TX before
inaugurated.
Geographic Divide
North vs South
The Civil War
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Confederate States of America (CSA)
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Organization of states who succeeded.
Untrusting of strong central control
Political Cartoon
Ulysses S. Grant
Robert E. Lee
General of Union Army General of Confederate Army
Civil War
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Fort Sumter, 1861 – Charleston, SC
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Considered first battle of the Civil War
Emancipation Proclamation, 1863 - freed
slaves in Confederate-controlled states.
Emancipation Proclamation
Surrender
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April 3, 1865 – Union Troops conquer
Richmond, VA (Confederate Capital)
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April 9, 1865 – Lee surrenders to Grant in
the Appomattox Court house
Reconstruction
Day 1
13th Amendment
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“Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude,
except as a punishment for crime whereof
the party shall have been duly convicted,
shall exist within the United States.”
Reconstruction
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Rebuilding time after the Civil War
Process of re-admitting Confederate states
to the Union
Lasted 1865 – 1877
Lincoln’s Plan
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Lenient Policy
Pardon all confederates who swear
allegiance to the Union
10% Plan
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When 10% of people did this, state could be
represented in Congress
AK, LA, TN, VA
Radical Republicans
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Senators who wanted to destroy power of
the former slaveholders.
Wanted African Americans to have full
citizenship and right to vote.
Andrew Johnson’s Plan
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Similar to Lincoln’s Plan
Excluded wealthy
landowners
Believed South should be
controlled by white men.
MS, AL, GA, TN, NC, SC,
FL
Congressional Reconstruction
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14th Amendment
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Defined citizenship – “all persons born or
naturalized in the United States”
Prevented states from denying rights and
privileges to any US citizen.
Congressional Reconstruction
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Reconstruction Act, 1867
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Did not recognize the new state governments
Divided states into 5 military districts
Must let African-American men vote
Must ratify the Fourteenth Amendment
Fifteenth Amendment
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“The right of citizens of the United States to
vote shall not be denied or abridged by the
United States or by any state on account of
race, color, or previous condition of
servitude”
Ratified in 1870
Postwar South
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Devastated economy
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Many farms were destroyed
Devastated population
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Hundreds of thousands of men died in war
Southern Republicans
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Scalawags
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White Southerners who joined the Republican
Party
Small farmers
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Improve economic position
Didn’t want wealthy planters to have power
Southern Republicans
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Carpetbaggers
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Northerners who
moved South
after war
Pg 187
Southern Republicans
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African Americans
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9 of 10 African American men voters were
Republican
Hiram Revels
first AA
senator.
Republican
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Three groups of
republicans could not
unify the Southern
Republican Party.
Sharecropping
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Poor whites and
former slaves
Owner of land
assigns families plot
of land, seeds, and
tools.
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Families keep part
Owner gets part
Memories of Sharecropping
Opposition to Reconstruction
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Ku Klux Klan (KKK)
1. Destroy Republican Party
2. Remove Reconstruction
Governments
3. Prevent African Americans
from politics
Opposition to Reconstruction
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Nathan Bedford
Forrest
Confederate Officer
First Grand Wizard of
the KKK.
Reconstruction Fades
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Lack of Republican Unity
Bank failures in 1873
Supreme Court overturned some changes
Reconstruction
Election of 1876
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Samuel Tilden, Dem won popular vote,
lacked electoral vote by 1
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Rutherford B. Hayes, Rep given presidency
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Federal troops removed from the South.
Identify and Label States through 1877
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Alabama
Arkansas
California
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
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Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
North Carolina
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Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Vermont
Virginia
West Virginia
Wisconsin