Transcript Civil War- 1860

Civil War- 1860-1865
Tensions1850 Tension over new states- Ca, Utah, New MexCompromise- Ca free, Ut. NM can choose, stronger
fugitive slave law
1850’s Underground Railroad, Harriet Tubman, Uncle
Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beechman Stowe- slavery also a
moral issue
1854 Tension over Kansas, Nebraska- violence erupts,
even in Senate
- Political parties split N & S, Republican party formsagainst spread of slavery
1857 Dred Scott decision- slave sued owner for freedom
after going to free territory, ruled for owner, slave is
property- S victory
The Struggle- background
1860 Democrats split votes- Lincoln is electedSouth Secession led by S. Carolina- Mississippi,
Alabama, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, Texasfight over states rights vs. federal power
 S. attacks union forts in the S.
 Jefferson Davis- president -Virginia,
Tennessee, N. Carolina, Arkansas join
Confederacy
Advantages N- More industry, factories, men, food
production, railroad for transportation
 S- good generals (Robert E. Lee), motivated
soldiers,
 Union plan- block S. ports, move down
Mississippi river, take Richmond, Virginia
Battles-
1860 Bull Run- Confederates win- Stonewall ( General
Thomas) Jackson
1862 West- Ulysses Grant, invades Tennessee, Shiloh25,000 die, take New Orleans,


East- McClellan trains for 5 months, meets Robert E. Lee and
Confederates in Richmond driven back
Antietam- Union wins, 26,000 dead 1 day
1863 S some wins invade N, Gettysburg- 3 day battle,
50,000+ died, S turns back, Gettysburg address- Lincoln,
united country


S. morale suffers, lack of food, supplies
N. defeats S in West (Mississippi river)
1864 Grant fights Lee in Virginia many die, Sherman
through Georgia, S. Carolina, much destruction, Lincoln
wins term 2
1865 Grant, Sherman surround Richmond, S surrenders,
Confederate soldiers treated nicely, sent home w/ food
Politics1863- Emancipation Proclamation- Lincoln did not
believe federal govt had the right to abolish slavery, ( his
main goal was to save the union) but freed them as they
were captured to hurt S war making ability.
 Britain- S hopes Britain will join, stay neutral
 Union & Confederacy- problems with unity, suspend
Habeas Corpus – expand pres. power in crisis,
Conscription- the draft- forcing people into service
Life/ Economy African Americans join armies- non battle duties, fought
bravely
 Plantation system falls, expand N economy, hurts S, food
& supply shortages in S
 Soldier life hard, dirty, poor food, medical care
 Sanitary Commission- try to improve conditions, women
nurses

End of War/ Effects620,000 dead, 10% fought
 no longer threat to break away
 federal power grows
 S economy bad shape
 War technology improved- land mines,
grenades, iron clad ships, rifles
 13th amendment- end slavery
 April 14, 1865- Lincoln assassinated at
Ford’s Theater- John Wilkes Booth

Reconstruction 1865-1877
PoliticsLincoln/ Johnson
VS.
- Easy readmission
- Pardon Confederates
- Veto bills
- Johnson impeachedCongress mad at him,
Impeach for removing
cabinet member From office
Senate Did not convict
- Ulysses Grant pres
Radical Republicans/ Congress
-strict readmission, fewer pardons
-Freedman’s Bureau, Civil Rights
Act 1866, African American
citizenship, no discriminatory laws
- 14th amendment- states cant
deny rights to citizens
- 15th amendment- all men right to
vote
- Reconstruction Act- states must
accept 14th,15th amendment, give
African- Americans right to vote for
admission into Union
1870- All states in Union
African-Americans move to the cities, seek
education, participate in politics
 Sharecroping- use a farmers land, pay w/
portion of crops
 Reconstruction ends- opposition in south
(Ku Klux Klan), scandals in govt., Judicial
support gone
