Transcript 6.3-4-DeepeningCrisis

Bell work
At
the beginning of the
civil war both sides had
notable strengths &
weaknesses. List one
advantage of the Union
and one advantage of the
Confederacy.
Political Realignment
Deepens the Crisis
A Shifting Political Scene

Millard Fillmore –
Whig President
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Angered northerners by
support of Fugitive
Slave Act
Angered Southerners by
supporting California as
a free state
Compromise of 1850
directly to blame for
shrinking of Whig Party
Example of the awful effects of a
disintegrating Whig
The Know - Nothings
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
Native born
Protestants, upset by
immigration and rising
Catholicism
Anti-immigration
movement became
the Known Nothings
(American Party)
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Oppose immigration
Anti-slavery until 1856
Republican Party

This party is fiercely anti-Slavery

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Most popular in the North
Opposed popular sovereignty and the Kansas-Nebraska
Act
Sectional Divisions Intensify

Election of 1856
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James Buchanan (Dem)
wins
He promised to “stop
the agitation of the
slavery issue”
This appealed to most
Americans (particularly
in the South)
Republicans did receive
a lot of votes though
Dred Scott Decision Causes Outrage

Dred Scott – A slave
who had been taken
to the free states of
Illinois and Wisconsin
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He claimed that this
made him free b/c it
was north of the
Missouri Compromise
Line
Abolitionists would help
him take his case to the
US Supreme Court
Dred Scott v. Sanford

Chief Justic Roger B.
Taney decided:
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Temporary residence in
a free state did not
make Scott free
Scott was property, not
a citizen, therefore he
had no rights
Stated that no AfricanAmerican could be a
citizen
Congress could not ban
slavery because doing
so would take away the
property of slave
owners (which is
unconstitutional)
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Southerners rejoice because it meant
slavery could be used anywhere
 Northerners, especially Republicans and
Know-Nothings were alarmed

Southerners
Northerners
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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Fighting for a seat in
the Illinois Senate
Series of debates over
expansion of slavery
Lincoln = Republican
(anti-Slavery)
Douglas = Democrat
(popular sovereignty)
Lincoln-Douglas Debates

Lincoln =“Honest Abe”

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Tall, lanky, slow of
speech
Opposed popular
sovereignty and
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Attacked Dred Scott
decision

Douglas = “Little
Giant”
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Short, round, energetic
speech
Supported popular
sovereignty
Believed slavery was
promoted in our
Constitution
Lincoln-Douglas Debates

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Douglas would win the
election
However, Lincoln won
loyal followers
This following would
help him in his next
election bid
John Brown’s Raid

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Brown thought he was
“an angel of God”,
destined to bring an
end to slavery
He felt violence was
the answer, and
scoured for funds and
recruits to lead an
uprising
Just imagine that is John Brown
instead.
Harpers Ferry


Brown and 21 men set
out to take an arsenal
at Harpers Ferry in
Virginia
Hoped slaves would
join in the revolution

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Trains, canals offered
escape
Near free states in the
North
Harpers Ferry
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The plan failed as few were
willing to join this crazy
guy
Local residents surrounded
the arsenal and federal
troops came to arrest the
men
2 of his sons killed, some
escaped, and others
arrested and executed
The North and South would
blame each other, and the
divide grew wider and
wider
Worst
wax
museum
ever?
Lincoln, Secession, and
War
Election of 1860

Democrats Split Their
Support
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Southern Democrats
sought to protect
slavery from federal
interference
Northern Democrats
(led by Douglas)
wanted popular
sovereignty
When Douglas followers
win the argument,
Southern Democrats
marched out in protest
Republicans Nominate Lincoln

Republicans liked
Lincoln’s moderate
view on slavery
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They wanted to stop
slavery from spreading
Did NOT want to
interfere with slavery in
states where it already
existed
Lincoln Wins in 1860!
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
Lincoln won 40% of popular vote and 60% of
electoral votes
He didn’t even win a single southern state
though

So, does it look like the South even matters?
Lincoln Wins in 1860!
Lincoln wasn’t even on the ballot for most
Southern states, and Douglas came in 2nd
in popular vote (he only won 2 states!)
 Now, it is clear that one candidate
represented the North, while another the
South
 The two sections were fractured seemingly
beyond repair

The Union Collapses

Southern States Leave
the Union
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How could a man be
elected without a single
southern vote?
The South is outraged,
and on Dec 20, 1860,
South Carolina secedes
from the Union
Cited the fact that the
president and
government were
“hostile to slavery”
6 others follow
immediately
The Confederacy Is Formed
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These 7 seceding states
formed the Confederate
States of America
Their constitution
emphasized states rights,
protection of slavery, and
the right to secede
It outlawed import of
slaves (to win favor with
GB and France)
Its President would be
Jefferson Davis
Crittenden Compromise
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This was a final
attempt at
compromise made by
some southern states
It reestablished
Missouri Compromise
Line and demanded
reimbursement for
slaves that ran away
Voted Down by
Congress
Why do you think?
Outbreak of War

Lincoln is
inaugurated
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He states that he
will not interfere
with slavery in the
south
He states he WILL
preserve the Union
He states there will
be no war unless
started by the
South
Fort Sumter
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When each state
seceded, they took
over all forts within
their state (except for
a few like…)
Ft. Sumter (in SC)
was an important
harbor
Confederates had
prevented Union
troops at this fort
from being supplied
Fort Sumter
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Lincoln was forced to
protect this fort, but
wishes to without
fighting
Promises the South that
he is sending food, no
weapons to these troops
The South is too
suspicious and demand
the troops leave, but
they refuse
Confederate troops
proceed to fire on the
fort, starting the Civil
War
Fort Sumter Falls
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Union troops forced to
surrender as they run
out of supplies
North is angry, Lincoln
calls on 75,000
volunteers to fight
South responds by
calling on volunteers
to fight the Union
Both sides thought it
would be a quick
war…they were wrong