Transcript The American Nation

HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Chapter 3
THE CIVIL WAR
Section 1: The Union Dissolves
Section 2: The North and South Face Off
Section 3: Fighting the War
Section 4: The Final Phase
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Fighting the War
Objectives:
 How did Union forces gain control of the
Mississippi River?
 How did the northern and southern forces fare in the
eastern campaigns?
 How did the Union victory at Antietam change the
Union’s war goals?
 How did African American soldiers help the union?
 What was the significance of the battles of
Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville?
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Fighting the War
Union victory at Shiloh
 Confederate general Albert Johnston wounded.
 gave Union a staging ground for offensives against
southern cities along the Mississippi
Union victory at New Orleans
 gave Union control of mouth of Mississippi
 cost the South its largest city and split Confederacy
in half
 weakened Confederate morale
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Fighting the War
The Eastern Campaigns
 McClellan laid siege to Yorktown as a preliminary to
attacking Richmond.
 Johnston held Yorktown for a month, then retreated toward
Richmond.
 Johnston was wounded in the Battle of Seven Pines and
Lee halted the fighting.
 Lee took advantage of McClellan’s failure to move by
attacking in the Seven Days’ Battles.
 Casualties on both sides were high but the South was
considered the victor because McClellan retreated.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Fighting the War
A change in Union war goals
Union victory at Antietam gave Lincoln the
political support he needed to expand the North’s
original war goal of saving the Union to include
eliminating slavery.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Fighting the War
African American soldiers
 Nearly 180,000 African American men served in the
Union army.
 33,000 African Americans died in service.
 African Americans served in the navy and
participated in the attack on Fort Wagner.
 More than 20 African American soldiers and sailors
won the Congressional Medal of Honor.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON
HOLT
The American Nation
IN THE MODERN ERA
Section 3: Fighting the War
Battle of Fredericksburg
The Confederate army defeated the Union army, and
the Union suffered more than 12,000 casualties.
Battle of Chancellorsville
The Confederate army defeated the larger Union army
but lost one of its best generals, Stonewall Jackson.
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HOLT, RINEHART
AND
WINSTON