Transcript Civil War
1861-1865 The issue of slavery Political division Social impacts Lincoln-Douglas Debates Slave States Territories Slave States Free States Candidate Electoral Votes Popular Vote Lincoln 180 1,870,000 Douglas 12 1,380,000 Breckenridge 72 840,000 Bell 39 590,000 What Southerners feared was now a reality – a man had won the presidency based on his dedication to antislavery December 20, 1860 - South Carolina met in convention and unanimously adopted an ordinance of secession February 1861- delegates from seven states met in Alabama to adopt a new constitution and elected Jefferson Davis president South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas The upper South was undecided on secession Republican party refused to do anything to bring these Southern states back in South did not have the constitutional right to secede Federal authority in the South silently collapsed as officials took positions under the Confederacy Two forts were built to protect the U.S. against foreign enemies; Ft. Pickens in Pensacola, Florida and Ft. Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina Both garrison commanders retained allegiance to the Union and would not lower their flag! Reinforcements were sent to Sumter but never made it Lincoln only sends food, not weapons or men S.C. and the Confederacy felt pressure to prove that they were an independent nation April 12, 1861 – Confederates fire on Ft. Sumter April 15, 1861 – Lincoln issued a proclamation that an insurrection existed in the boundaries of the U.S Lincoln called for 75,000 troops for 3 months Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia all joined the Confederacy = 11 states total Yet, the Confederate flag has 13 stars….??? Kentucky Missouri Maryland Delaware These states were key to both the Union and the Confederacy Maryland (surrounds Washington, D.C.) and Kentucky(industry/resources) were the most important 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Had double the Confederacy’s population North out produced the South in corn and wheat Twice as many horses as the South 9/10s of nation’s industrial capacity Twice as many railway lines 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Union was on the offensive South was fighting for their families and way of life Fought on their own terrain near supply lines Just had to resist long enough to win Superior military leadership July 1861 – Union and Confederate troops meet at Manassas junction Both armies are unseasoned and unorganized The Confederacy claimed victory when the Union troops ran away This battle let both sides know that it was going to be a long war No more fighting in 1861 while both sides built up their armies The Civil War is often referred to as the first modern war because of the use of the rifled musket July 1863 Union stood strong for three days Great Union victory Bloodiest battle of the war Promoted to General during the Mexican War Took command of Confederate forces in the Shenandoah Valley Lee’s greatest Lieutenant until he was shot at Chancellorsville and died of pneumonia shortly after First to be offered field command of UNION troops by Lincoln, but refused Successful in many early battles, but his defeat at Gettysburg constituted the turning point of the war Commander of the Northern Virginia troops, but he became commander of all Confederate armies in Feb. 1865 Hero of the West Became supreme commander of the Union forces March 1864 He wore down Lee’s forces forcing thesurrender at Appomattox, VA on April 9, 1865 After Shiloh was promoted to major general Captured Atlanta then began his “March to the Sea” to capture Savannah, Georgia (1864) Took command of U.S. army in 1869 after Grant became president To retain the loyalty of the border states Lincoln had resisted demands of the radical Republicans for abolition The Proclamation declared that slaves in all areas still in rebellion were “then, henceforward, and forever free.” Helps the war effort by offering a moral reason to fight Sherman led 62,000 men without supplies Orders were to live off the country and destroy war supplies, public buildings, railroads and factories Sherman’s actions here are the reason he is often referred to as the first modern general Start Union soldiers surround Lee in Virginia – no possible escape route Confederate troops desperate – many starving April 9, 1865 Appomattox Court House, Virginia Lincoln Assassinated! • April 14, 1865 - Lincoln was shot by John Wilkes Booth, a radical Confederate supporter, while watching a performance of Our American Cousin • He was carried unconscious across the street where he died the next morning 600,000 dead South devastated Slavery ended with the Thirteenth Amendment, December 18, 1865 Many questions unaswered… Who will be responsible for deciding how to deal with the rebellious South? Congress? The president? Will the new president, Andrew Johnson, a southerner, follow Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction? What will the status of the freemen be?