Transcript Reconstruction: The Rebuilding of a Nation

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Reconstruction:
The Rebuilding of a Nation
1865-1877
Recap: How The Civil War Ends
► 1864
Union General Sherman “March to the
Sea” – TN to Savannah, GA
► 1864
Lincoln Re-elected
► General
► War
Lee surrenders to Grant April 1865
ends June 1865
►NOW
WHAT?
Issues of Reconstruction
► How
will southern states rejoin the Union?
► How
will the southern economy be rebuilt?
► What
rights will African-Americans have?
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
►
His goal is for a quick recovery for the
union
►
He comes up with a plan to admit
southern states back into the Union if 10%
of voters swear loyalty
“Radical” Republicans
► Mostly northerners
► Want to help AfricanAmericans get rights
WHO WERE THE RADICAL
REPUBLICANS?
Freedman’s Bureau
► An organization set up by
Congress to assist freed
slaves with daily life
(provides food, clothing,
jobs, education)
Josiah Washington, Former Slave in
South Carolina:
“The Freedman’s Bureau has been the
best thing for my family since Lincoln
made his Proclamation in 1863. My
sister has been treated for her illness
and her life saved at the Freedman’s
Hospital near Charleston. Plus, my
children are starting school this year
under the Freedman’s program.”
April 1865 –Lincoln is
assassinated by
John Wilkes Booth
His VP Andrew Johnson
becomes president
Little sympathy for African-American
struggles – he fights with the Radical
Republicans!
Johnson’s Plan
Andrew Johnson:
“The time has come for us to heal the scars and wounds
of this Great War. We must repair this Union
immediately. My Plan for Reconstruction is this. Each
state must withdraw its secession, swear allegiance to
the Union . . . and ratify the 13th Amendment. With
these conditions met, let the states of the South rejoin
our great Union. I will pardon Confederate leaders
that demonstrate true remorse for their actions, and I
do not say that suffrage (voting) is now the right of
the freed Negro. No, sir, white men alone must
manage the South.”
►
Southern states must pass the 13th Amendment (abolish
slavery) to re-join the Union
Black Codes: used to
control African-Americans
in the South
“1865 has been a terrible year
of loss of pride and the
► No ownership of land
Confederacy. However, we will
not lose our dignity in our own ► Limited job opportunities
lands. . . The races must remain
separated, and the Negro being
inferior must not be allowed to
hold power in our communities.
We have successfully drafted a
measure of Black Codes. This
will prevent the Negro from
carrying weapons, serving on
juries, testifying against
Whites, marrying Whites,
traveling without a permit, and
most of all not owning land.”
Reconstruction Amendments
► 13th
Amendment (1865): outlaws slavery
► 14th
Amendment (1866): guarantees
equality to all citizens (including African
Americans)
► 15th
Amendment (1870): gives African
American (males only) right to vote
Congress’ Plan: Military
Reconstruction Act (1867)
► Divides
the south into 5 military districts
governed by Union generals until they
agreed to the 14th amendment
Congress vs. Johnson
Impeach:
charge
with doing
something
wrong
while in
office
► Johnson
tries to fire Secretary of
War (last Radical Republican in his
cabinet)
► House votes to impeach Johnson
► Johnson promises to enforce the
Reconstruction Acts and avoids
removal from office
► Carpetbaggers:
People who moved
from North to South
to take advantage of
South and make $$
ANALYZE
Political Cartoons: The Burden of Reconstruction
Life for Freed Slaves
► Many
freed slaves were
sharecroppers.
► A landowner gives a poor farmer
a portion of land to farm with +
tools + seed.
► In exchange the sharecropper
has to give the landowner most
of his crop – can’t ever make
enough money to buy his own
land
► Effects: It kept freed slaves
financially dependent on landowners.
How was
this similar
and
different to
slavery?
CHART
Sharecropping Cycle of Poverty
Other problems for Freed Slaves
1.The Ku Klux Klan
- white Southerners who terrorized
African Americans
2. Jim Crow Laws
- segregated Southern society –
separate facilities and rules for
African Americans
3. Plessy v. Ferguson
- Supreme Court case that rules
segregation is legal - “separate but equal”
Segregation:
Separation
of the races
Example of a Jim Crow Law
How did Reconstruction End?
► White
southerners (known as redeemers)
take back power in the South
► The
south is nicknamed the “Solid South”
because they always vote for the
Democratic party
(Remember the Republican Party was antislavery and tried to help freed slaves)
The Compromise of 1877
► Rutherford
B. Hayes
becomes President but
in return he agrees to
remove federal troops
from the South.
QUICK STUDY
Effects of Reconstruction