Transcript Should CA be a free or slave state?

The Civil War
Chapter 4
Politics of Slavery
Chapter 4 Section 1

Differences between the North and
the South




Demographics (population and
ethnicity)
Economy
States rights (power shift to the north)
Slavery (abolitionist movement)
The Underground Railroad
Compromise of 1850
Should CA be a free or slave state?
What about the rest of the territories?
1. CA admitted as a free state
2. Fugitive Slave Law adopted
Dred Scott Case (1857)




Part of the fugitive slave law
Sued for his freedom
Supreme Court denied his
case – not a citizen of the
United States
Returned as a slave to
property owner (slave was
property) see page 166
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Repeal of Missouri Compromise
Kansas and Nebraska created from
remaining Louisiana Purchase land
Territories to determine the status of
slavery before admission as a state
(popular sovereignty)
Bleeding Kansas (1856-58)

Pro-slavery and Anti-slavery factions
flooded the territory and fight over
state constitution



John Brown and sons hack pro-slavery
advocates to death
Unofficial start of the Civil War
2 to 1 vote to become free state
Harper’s Ferry

John Brown – doing God’s will




Lincoln is elected without support
from any southern state
South Carolina secedes (leaves the
Union) on December 20, 1860
The other lower states follow and
elect Jefferson Davis
Fort Sumter attacked on April 4, 1861
Civil War
Chapter 4 Section 2

The confederacy included eleven
slave states

(West Virginia was created from part of
Virginia that opposed slavery)


Martial Law in several border states to
prevent them from defection
Suspension of writ of habeas corpus to
deal with dissent – (Copperheads)

Over 13,000 put in jail during war without trial
First Engagement

1st Battle of Bull Run (near Manassas VA)





Union forces mass near D.C.
After long delay move south
Watched by South and throngs of site- seers
2,500 Union-2,000 Confederate casualties
Union Army runs back north
Changing the nature of naval warfare
CSS Merrimack (aka Virginia) 1861
USS Monitor
Gunboats
The Hunley

1863 – the first submarine used in
battle


Confederates in Charleston SC
Sinks a Union ship blockading harbor
On both sides a soldier was three times
more likely to die in camp than on the
battlefield - infection and diseases

“My paramount object in
this struggle is to save
the Union, and is not to
either save or to destroy
slavery,…” A. Lincoln

Eventually turned to
Ulysses S. Grant as
General of the Army
Lincoln saw possible solution as
black colonization but dropped
this by 1864
 Little support for “compensated
emancipation” bills he authored

Emancipation Proclamation
January 1, 1863 – only slaves in the
areas of rebellion would be free
Most generals believed whites
would not fight along side of blacks
 Paid $10 while whites were paid
$13 a month


Congress said it would degrade
whites to pay blacks the same rate
Over 180,000 African Americans
serve the Union
Go to Sherman PowerPoint
Tide of War Turns
Chapter 4 Section 3
After more than two years of
Union defeats--- Gettysburg

Lee marches north to find supplies
in Penn.
 July 1-3, 1863 near Gettysburg –
North on Cemetery Ridge and
South on Seminary Ridge with
large field in between.

Three day standoff on bloody field
 “Picketts Charge” – 15,000
Confederate troops attack strong
point of North

 30
minutes later only ½ returned to
Southern lines
 South retreats back into Virginia

New Spencer Repeating Rifle helps the
North win at Gettysburg


7 round magazine fired in 10 seconds rather
than 3 rounds a minute with musket loaders
Rebs thought that there were more Yankees
due to amount of fire
Gatling Gun saw only limited use
toward the end of the war
Gen. Joseph
Hooker
Gen. Ambrose
Burnside
Col. George
Custer

Gettysburg Address
November 19, 1863
 “A New Birth of Freedom”

Women in War
Often women
would follow
their husbands
to the camps
 Some women
went to work
while husband
was away


Clara Barton “angel of the
battlefield”


First army nurses
Later founded American
Red Cross
End of War


Lee agrees to surrender terms in Appomattox
Court House on April 9, 1865
Gen. Johnston and the rest of the Rebels
surrender several weeks later
Lincoln’s Assassination

Southern conspirators led
by John Wilkes Booth
plotted to kidnap Lincoln
and exchange him for
prisoners of war.
April 14, 1865 Booth shot Lincoln while he
was attending a play at Ford’s Theatre
Reconstruction
Chapter 4 Section 4


To repair the damage and to restore
the south to the Union of States
Hardships

African Americans – new lives but what
to do with that new life?


Lincoln wants to “bind the nation’s
wounds”
Lincoln’s “Ten Percent plan”

Pardons, S. States to hold Constitutional
elections when 10% swear allegiance

Johnson’s Plan
Pardon
 10% swear allegiance before new State
Constitutional Convention.
 So. States must void secession, abolish
slavery and ratify 13th Amendment
(slavery)

Black Codes


New southern governments were still
controlled by whites
Enactments to restrict freedmen’s
rights




Curfews
Vagrancy
Labor contracts
Land restrictions
Lynching
Congressional Reconstruction
(Radical Reconstruction)



Lincoln’s and Johnson’s plans seen as
threat to Congressional authority
Radical Republicans wanted to punish
the south
14th Amendment (Equal Protection1866) to deal with “black codes”

Laws had to apply equally to all
Power Struggle



Johnson did not support the military
rule in the South and tried to fire the
Secretary of War Edwin Stanton
Angered, Congressional leaders
voted to “impeach” him
By one vote
Johnson escapes
being removed


Ulysses S. Grant wins the 1868
Presidential election
Congress passes 15th Amendment to
insure the right to vote regardless of
“race, color, or previous condition of
servitude.” 1870

Carpetbaggers


Northerners
moving south for
profit or power
Scalawags

White southern
Republicans
(opposed to
secession)
End of Reconstruction



Corruption within Grant’s Administration
and tired of 10 years of reconstructing
As federal troops left, more freedmen
were denied rights
By 1872 the last ex-Confederates were
pardoned


The KKK - 1865, when six
ex-Confederate soldiers,
met in Tenn. to form a
secret society. Deriving its
name from the Greek word
"kuklos“ (circle)
Originally social in nature.
Evolved into a terrorist
organization targeting
African Americans,
Carpetbaggers and
scalawags


W.E.B. du Bois (African American civil
rights leader) “The slave went free;
stood a brief moment in the sun; then
moved back into slavery again”
Conditions did not get much better
until the 1950s and 60s