Transcript CHAPTER 16 – THE CIVIL WAR BEGINS Section 2 – Life in the Army

Copy the following chart on Portfolio p55
Who Fought
How They Were Trained
What Hardships They Faced
How New Technology
Affected Soldiers
16.2 Essential Question
(EQ):
>> Portfolio p56 <<
In what ways did both Union
& Confederate soldiers
endure the many hardships
that came with serving
in the army during the Civil
War?
CHAPTER 16 – THE CIVIL
WAR BEGINS
Section 2 – Life in the Army
Today we will discuss Civil War soldiers,
their military training, and the hardships of
army life.
Vocabulary
• hygiene – conditions and practices that
promote health
• enlist – join the military
• drill – marching practice in a military unit
• cavalry – soldiers on horses
• infantry – soldiers on foot
Check for Understanding
• What are we going to do today?
• What does it mean to enlist?
To Open Your Mind
and gain Knowledge!
What is hygiene?
Hygiene refers to conditions and
practices that promote health.
What is drill?
What’s the difference between
infantry and cavalry?
What We Already Know
The Confederate victory at the
Battle of Bull Run thrilled the South.
What We Already Know
Lincoln sent the 90day militias home
and called for a real
army of 500,000
volunteers for three
years.
What We Already Know
Volunteers rushed to enlist on both sides,
many fearing the war would be over before
they could join the fight.
Those Who Fought
• 18-30-year-olds
• About half on both sides
were farmers.
• Many were immigrants,
especially from Germany
and Ireland.
• African Americans saw
the war as a way to end
slavery.
• At first neither the North
nor the South accepted
blacks into their armies.
• Native Americans served
on both sides.
Those Who Fought
• Why did 2 million soldiers serve the Union, and
almost 1 million serve the Confederacy?
• Adventure and glory
• Escape from boredom
• Friends and neighbors were volunteering.
• Recruitment money
• Loyalty to their country or state
• For blacks, to end slavery
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
13. What kind of men fought
in the Civil War??
Choose ALL that are true!
13. What kind of men fought
in the Civil War?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Most were 18-30 years old.
Many were immigrants.
Most were farmers.
Many were either slave
owners or abolitionists.
E. Many were free blacks.
Choose all that are true!
Why did men enlist in the army
during the Civil War?
Choose the one that is NOT true!
Why did men enlist in the army
during the Civil War?
A. Many African Americans wanted to fight in the
war as a way to end slavery.
B. Many enlistees hated what the other side
stood for, and wanted to kill as many enemy
soldiers as possible.
C. Some farmers and factory workers saw the
war as an adventurous way to escape a life of
boredom.
D. Some fought out of loyalty to their nation or
belief in its cause.
E. Some enlisted to get the recruitment money
offered by both sides.
Choose the one that is NOT true!
Turning Civilians into Soldiers
•
•
•
•
•
Lived in tents and log huts
Heavily scheduled day of drill and duties
Guard duty, wood cutting, digging latrines, etc.
Problems with uniforms
Food and supply problems
Hardships of Army Life
Both Union and Confederate soldiers endured
hunger, cold, dirty living conditions, constant
sickness, poor medical treatment, and bad hygiene.
Hardships of Army Life
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Soldiers exposed to the weather
Unsanitary camps
Weeks between baths and clean clothes
Lice and fleas spread disease
Poor hygiene led to illness
Contaminated food and water
Poor medical care
More than twice as many soldiers died
from disease than battle wounds.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
Both Northern and Southern
soldiers alike had to endure all
the following EXCEPT
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
boredom and hunger.
cold, dirty living conditions.
constant sickness.
poor medical treatment.
incompetent military leadership.
What was the main cause of
death in the Civil War?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Suicide
The Minié ball
Snakebite
Disease
Ironclads
15. Why was disease the main
cause of death in the Civil War?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
poor diet
contaminated water and food
exposure to cold and rain
unsanitary conditions
intentional exposure to germs by
the enemy
Choose the one that is NOT true!
Changes in Military
Technology
• Rifles
• Minié balls
• Ironclads
Changes in Military Technology
A rifle is a gun with a grooved barrel that
causes a bullet to spin through the air,
giving the bullet more distance and
accuracy.
Changes in Military Technology
Changes in Military Technology
A minié ball is a bullet
with a hollow base,
which expands upon
firing to fit the
grooves in the rifle
barrel.
Changes in Military Technology
• Tactics like cavalry
charges and
infantry assaults
didn’t work as well
as before.
• The increased range
and accuracy of the
rifle allowed
defenders to shoot
charging attackers
before they could
reach their position.
Changes in Military Technology
An ironclad is a wooden warship
covered with iron plates.
USS Monitor and CSS Virginia
The first battle between ironclads
took place on March 9, 1862.
The CSS Virginia battled the USS Monitor
for four hours, before sailing away.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
16. What new technology was
introduced during the Civil War?
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
the minié ball
ironclad ships
land mines
poison gas
rifles
explosive rockets
Choose all that are true!
How did use of the rifle and minié ball
change combat tactics in the Civil War?
A. Their low cost allowed more soldiers to have
more bullets, causing higher enemy
casualties.
B. Their rapid-fire capabilities gave one soldier
the firepower of five men fighting in earlier
wars.
C. Their greater range and accuracy turned
cavalry charges and traditional assaults into
slaughter.
D. They struck their targets with greater
destructive force and made stronger
defensive fortifications necessary.