Transcript Civil War 1860-1865

Causes of the Civil War
People who wanted to end slavery
were called abolitionists
Frederick Douglass
William Lloyd
Garrison
Sojourner Truth
• In 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote
Uncle Tom’s Cabin. Her novel told the
story of slaves who were badly treated by
a cruel owner. The book became a bestseller and made millions of people aware
of the evils of slavery.
In 1859, a white abolitionist, John Brown lead a
raid on a government storehouse in Harper’s
Ferry, what is now West Virginia. The plan was
to give guns from the storehouse to slaves so
they could fight for their freedom. He was
caught, tried, and hanged.
How do you think white
Southerners felt about Stowe’s
book and the raid on Harper’s
Ferry?
Many Southerners believed in
states’ rights, or the idea that
the states have final authority
over the national government.
Northerners preferred a strong
federal government.
• Congress passed high tariffs, or taxes on
European factory goods, and this helped
Northern factory owners. It hurt
Southerners by making European goods
cost more
• The North had a lot of factories where
steel, cloth, and other goods were made.
• The South had a lot of plantations were
cotton, rice, and tobacco were grown.
• The South used slaves to work in the
fields.
In our democracy, why would
Southerners be worried about the
future of their society?
The WAR
Inauguration
In November 1860, Abraham Lincoln
is elected president of the United
States. He is a member of the
Republican party, which is in favor of
outlawing slavery.
Lincoln’s first inauguration 1861
In December 1860, South Carolina secedes, or
withdraws from the United States. Soon after other
Southern states join South Carolina and form the
Confederate States of America, or Confederacy.
They elect Jefferson Davis as president
In April 1861, Confederates open fire on fort
Sumter in Charleston, SC and the start the
Civil War.
General Robert E. Lee leads the Confederate
troops throughout the Civil War.
Another important Confederate general was
“Stonewall” Jackson. He lead the Confederacy
to many victories and was accidentally killed
by his own troops.
Lincoln chooses General Ulysses S. Grant to
lead the Union troops.
The Battle of Gettysburg, in Pennsylvania is a
huge victory for the Union and a crushing
defeat for the confederacy. It is the turning
point of the war.
Photo taken after the battle
Photo taken after the battle
In 1864 the union general, William T.
Sherman lead his army into Georgia. He
pushed to Atlanta, the railroad center for the
South. Much of Atlanta was burned to the
ground.
Union lines around the Oakhurst neighborhood of Atlanta
Atlanta after Sherman’s capture
Civil War era Atlanta
Before and after
From Atlanta he headed toward Savannah,
GA. This march became known as the March
to the Sea. The goal of this march was to
destroy everything that could be used to help
the South win the war.
Sherman’s army destroyed the railroad tracks and burned houses and
towns on its way to Savannah.
Refugees from Sherman’s march
The chimneys left standing were
called “Sherman Sentinels.”
Railroad ties were heated
and wrapped around tree
trunks and called “Sherman
Bowties.”
In April 1865, Lee’s army was starving and
their clothes were in rags. His army became
trapped in Virginia. General Lee surrendered
to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse,
Virginia and the war ended.
Mansions on New
York City’s 5th Ave,
where America’s
wealthiest people
lived after the Civil
War.
The war caused the Northern economy to
grow, and the idea of a strong federal
government won out over states’ rights.
Charleston, SC 1865
The Southern slaves were freed, and the
Southern economy is ruined by the war.