Transcript The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865

The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• At the beginning of the war
• Lincoln quick military
action to show the folly to
the south of Succession
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Bull Run (First Battle at
Manassas) 90 day war
• Victory would show the
superiority of the Union
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• And the capturing of the
confederate capital of
Richmond
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Spectators lined the route
to the battle
• North was confident of a
victory
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Stonewall Jackson held the union
at bay
• Reinforcement from the south
allowed Jackson and the south
drive out the union forces
Stonewall Jackson
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• South victory caused
volunteers to decline
• It also proved to the north
that this was not going to
be a short war
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• In 1861 General George B
McClellan was given
command of Army of
Potomac
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• He planned a waterborne
attack (Pensacola
Campaign)
• In 1862 McClellan captured
Yorktown
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Came within sight of
Richmond and attacked
Jackson’s army
• Lee launched a counter
attack
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Became the Seven Days
Battle June 26 to July 2
1862 drove the union
forces back to the sea
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Two more factors the
resulted from the
Peninsula campaign
1. Lincoln began to draft the
Emancipation Proclamation
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• 2. Union turned to a total
war strategy
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Union strategy became
• 1. Slowly suffocated the
South by blockading its
coasts
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• 2. Liberate the slaves and
undermine the economic
foundation of the south
• 3. Cut the Confederacy in half
by seizing control of the
Mississippi River
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• 4. Dismember the
Confederacy by sending
troops through Georgia,
and Carolinas
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• 5. Capture Richmond
• 6. Try everywhere to
engage the enemies
strength and grind it inot
submission
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Northern Blockade focused
on principal ports
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• In order to combat
blockade ships were built
to run blockade
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• First were fast ships that
out ran blockade
• Confederates then built the
Merrimac (Virginia)
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Wooden ship covered with
metal plates
• The Merrimac became the
biggest threat to the
blockade
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Crash through wooden
ships
• March 9 1862 Monitor
(Union ironclad ship)
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Met and battle became a
standstill
• However the fear of the
Peninsula campaign the
Confederates destroyed the
Merrimac
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• On land Lee has crushed
McClellan's forces at
Richmond Lee moved
Northward
• Second Bull Run August 29-30
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Second Battle of Bull Run
August 29-30 1862
• Lee defeated General
Popes’ forces
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• After the victory at Second
Bull Run Lee decided to
invade the Union in
Maryland
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Lee’s objective was to
inspire the border states to
rise up against the the
north and join the
COnfederacy
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• As Lee moved into
Maryland he met
McClellan's forces at
Antietam
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• September 17, 1862
• McClellan stopped Lee
forces after finding the
battle plans of Lee
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• McClellan constantly
refused to attack was
insubordinate to Lincoln
was finally dismissed by
Lincon
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The victory or stalemate at
Antietam gave Lincoln the
backing to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Lincoln now made an
added incentive to win the
war a moral cause
• It also was the pivotal point
or battle that convinced
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• England and France would
stay out of the war and
strengthen the diplomatic
position of the US to
Europe
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The Emancipation
Proclamation did nothing to
free the slaves (it only freed
slaves that were in rebellion
against the US)
• It was not enforced
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Lincoln feared that if enforced
border states would secede
• It also destroyed any chance of
a negotiated settlement to end
war
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Blacks now were able to
enlist in the Union Army
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The Confederacy did not
enlists slaves until one
month before the war
ended
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Lee and Gettysburg
• New commander of Union
was General Burnside
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Before Gettysburg
Confederacy had routed
Burnside at Fredericksburg
• He was replaced General
Hooker
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Hooker was defeated by Lee
forces at Chancellorsville
• At Chancellorsville Stonewall
Jackson was shot and mortally
wounded
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Tremendous loss to Lee
and South
• Gettysburg became the
final charge by Lee
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The armies met at Gettysburg
July 1-3
• Series of Battles with the
decisive battle on July 3
Pickett’s Charge was repelled
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• After defeat of Confederate
army at Gettysburg all
hope for a Confederate
victory were gone
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The War in West
• Vicksburg fell July 4 1863
• Grant was in charge at
Vicksburg
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The importance of
Vicksburg
• Opened Mississippi river to
Northern trade
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• No foreign help from
Europe
• Quell peace agitation
• Cut off supply of cattle and
other goods
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• From Texas and Louisiana
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Grant defeated South at
Chattanooga and
Tennessee was clear of
Confederates
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Sherman's march on South
• Captured Atlanta
• Main reasons for march
through south
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Destroy supply lines of
South by destroying
transportation system
• Destroy morale of south by
destroying homes
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Captured Savannah Ga.
• And South Carolina by end of
1864
• Despite the charge and
carnage lives were saved by
shortening of war
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Critics of Lincoln in own
party
• Led by Secretary of
Treasury Salmon Chase
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-186
• Congressional Committee on
the Conduct of the War
• Radical Republicans resented
the expansion of presidential
power during war time
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• And were pressing Lincoln
on quicker emancipation
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Peace Democrats after
Stephen Douglas death
Democrats were split
• Peace democrats were not
supportive of Lincoln and most
dangerous to the union
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Copperheads radical peace
Democrats
• Republicans joined Pro war
democrats and formed
union party
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Election of 1864
• Fearing defeat Republicans
joined War Democrats to
form Union party
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• VP Andrew Johnson was
chosen as a running mate
for Lincoln (War Democrat)
• Democrats selected and
Copperheads chose
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• George B McClellan
• Lincoln’s reelection was the
final blow to the South
• They believed that if
Lincoln was defeated
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• The south may have had a
chance for victory
• For Lincolns chances of
winning the capture of Atlanta
and Mobile Ala. were critical
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Grant is put in place as
commandeer of Union
troops to begin final assult
on South
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Grant engaged in a series
of Battles (Wilderness
Campaign)
• Grant ordered a frontal
assault on Cold Harbor
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Grant was willing to accept
2 union lives for every
Confederate loss
• Grant’s had more weapons
at his disposal and held on
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• He then went on to capture
Richmond
• All was lost
• Lee surrendered to Grant
at Appomatax
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Effetely ending the Civil
War
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Lincoln Assassination
• Many enemies
• Not only conspiracy to
assassinate President
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• But Secretary of War
• And Vice President Johnson
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Lincoln went to Ford’s
theater Ulysses S Grant was
invited but declined
• As the play progressed
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• John Wilkes Booth snuck
up the theater
• He had performed there
many times as an actor
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Snuck up behind the
president fired a single
shot into the president’s
head
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• At the same time another
assassin attacked the
Secretary of war stabbed
him but the wounds were
not fatal
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
• Andrew Johnson assassin
got drunk and chickened
out
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865
The Furnace of Civil War 1861-1865