Transcript Captains of Industry

Lasted from 1865 – 1877, from the end of
the Civil War until the Union Army’s
withdrawal from the South. It involved many
factors; readmitting Southern states to the
union, rebuilding a decimated south, &
integrating freed slaves into society.
It spurred economic development, the high
tax rates and corruption that accompanied it,
inspired widespread opposition in the South.
When the Union Army left, the South largely
returned to its pre-RECONSTRUCTION
state.
First Secretary of TREASURY
Proposed the federal assumption of state
debts, the establishment of a national bank,
and the federal stimulation of industry
through EXCISE tax and tariffs
Opponents, including Jefferson, saw
programs as aiding a small, elite group at
the expense of the average citizen
Died from wounds sustained in a pistol duel
with Aaron Burr, Jefferson’s Vice President
The federal government guaranteed 160 acres of land in
the WEST to any settler who would homestead it.
Homesteading meant cultivating the land, building a home,
and inhabiting it for at least five years.
The government was eager to develop agriculture in the West.
Unfortunately much of the available land already had people
living on it ---the NATIVE AMERICANS.
Completed with GOLDEN SPIKE at
Promontory Point, UTAH
Marked the meeting of the UNION PACIFIC & the
CENTRAL PACIFIC railroads
During construction, the Union Pacific used IRISH labor, while
the CENTRAL PACIFIC used CHINESE labor
The connection of the railroads opened national markets
and met growing economic needs
Legislation encouraging the breakup of Native American
tribes in hopes of ASSIMILATING them into American society
Distributed Native American reservation lands among
individual members of the tribe to form a system of agriculture
(farming) more similar to the white man’s
Gave each head of a Native American family 160 acres of
farmland or 320 acres of grazing land
Effect was to nearly destroy the reservation system, as the
remaining tribal lands were opened up for whites …..
Reversed in 1934.
SIOUX natives wished to practice a dance (GHOST DANCE)
that they believed would free their lands, rid them of whites,
& lead to prosperity; this frightened white settlers
The Federal army believed Chief Sitting Bull was planning a
rebellion’ acting on the settlers’ fear and their suspicions, the
army captured the chief
In a sudden exchange of gunfire between the tribe and the
army, Chief Sitting Bull and others were killed; the remainder
of the tribe fled to a camp near Wounded Knee Creek
When the army reached this camp, a shot was fired, and in
reaction, the army killed two hundred men, women, & children
in what is considered the last battle of the INDIAN WARS
What Twain meant was that the politics of the time looked
clean and shiny, but underneath lay rot in the form of
corruption and patronage. During this time, businesses
bought votes in Congress, leaving workers and consumers
with few advocates
Political bosses, rather than elected officials ran many cities,
In Twain's view, MONEY RULED.
…..used ANTI-COMPETIVE practices to
build WEALTH
A legal concept that allows one person to
manage another person’s property.
Allows trustees to control companies
without owning the company.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, populist
leaders ralied against trusts like Standard
Oil and U.S. Steel.
• The meatpacking industry during the early 1900's was unsanitary,
unregulated and incredibly dangerous work. Hand washing and
requiring the use of hairnets were unheard of. Therefore the meat
was often contaminated with sweat, dirt, and human hair (among
other things).
• The machinery used to process the meat was also a problem. There
were reports of workers falling into rendering tanks and being
ground, along with animal parts, and sold as lard.
• Regulation of the meatpacking industry began in 1906 after
President Theodore Roosevelt read a book about the plight of the
working class and the corruption of the meatpacking industry by
journalist Upton Sinclair.
The items listed would most likely be referred
to in reference to Progressive Era Reforms
(progress and safety for people)----