Transcript Civil War Part I

The Civil War
Please take out Focus 18: Road to Secession – we will complete
it first before moving on to the Civil War. Turn in H11 asap.
If you have any make-up work for the “Young Republic” unit or
a late exhibit, please turn it in to the box on the back table. Sign
up for the unit test retake today (sign-up is on the cart).
If you still need to complete the answer form for the take-home
quiz (#4), please take out your copy of the quiz and a #2 pencil.
We will:
*compare advantages and disadvantages of the North
and South during the Civil War
*identify and describe major events related to the war
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry
• John Brown led a group of radicals
who attempted to take over the
Harper’s Ferry federal armory in
October 1859 to prepare for an
armed slave revolt
• The raid was unsuccessful and
resulted in Brown’s capture and trial
– he was hung on December 2, 1859
• Southerners suspected that Brown
had been funded and encouraged by
Northern abolitionists
• Was Brown a hero or a madman?
John Brown: Terrorist or Martyr?
http://10.120.2.41/SAFARI/montage/play.php?keyindex=119374&location=005849&filetypeid=7
“If it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life
for the furtherance of the ends of justice, and mingle
my blood further with the blood of my children and
with the blood of millions in this slave country whose
rights are disregarded by wicked, cruel, and unjust
enactments-I submit; so let it be done.”
-- John Brown, speaking on November 2, 1859
during his sentencing
“I, John Brown, am now quite certain that the crimes
of this guilty land will never be purged away but with
blood.”
-- John Brown, in a note left before his execution
on December 2, 1859
The Election of 1860
• Growing tensions over Bleeding Kansas, the Dred Scott
decision, and Brown’s raid contributed to one of the most
divisive national elections in American history
• The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln to run as a
moderate who appealed to free-soil and anti-slavery forces; he
beat out the Republican front-runner, Senator William Seward
of New York, who was considered too controversial
• The Democrats split over the issue of slavery – Southern
Democrats rejected Stephen Douglas as too moderate on the
issue of slavery and nominated John Breckenridge of
Kentucky; Northern Democrats nominated Douglas
• More moderate Southerners, who wanted to preserve national
unity, created the Constitutional Union Party and nominated
John Bell of Tennessee
Election results: Who won and why? Why did this
election contribute directly to Southern secession?
Focus 19: North vs. South
• Take 20 minutes to complete Parts I and II. Use the
textbook maps in Chapter 11 as a guide for the maps.
You will only need one colored pencil to shade in the
“border states”
• You may work with your table team.
• If you still need to fill out the Quiz #4 Scantron,
please take a few minutes to do that now and turn in
both the quiz and Scantron when you are done.
• This is also the time to sign up for a retake test – you
must be eligible to do so.
Northern (Union) Advantages
• larger population (22 million vs. 9 million)
• possessed 91% of national industry and 71% of all railway mileage
• controlled most of the naval fleet
• Abraham Lincoln’s leadership – committed to preserving the Union by
using his full executive powers, great orator and student of human nature
• very capable Cabinet officers, including Seward, Stanton, Welles, and
Chase
• fought to preserve the Union and (by the end of the war) end slavery
• able to raise money through income taxes, bond sales, and national banks
• issuance of “greenbacks” kept the money supply growing/flowing
• clear overall strategy for defeating the enemy - Anaconda Plan
Southern (Confederate) Advantages
• high morale, fighting for independence and rights– “The
Cause”
• fought on home turf, knowledge of the terrain
• large territory (over 1,000 miles from Virginia to Texas)
provided strategic depth
• better military leadership (Lee, Jackson), especially early on in
the conflict
•
foreign sympathy due to British and French dependency on
cotton, “cotton diplomacy”
Northern (Union) Disadvantages
• could only win by fully defeating and occupying the
enemy’s territory
• active opposition to the war – “Copperhead”
politicians and draft riots
• inept military leadership at the start of the war
Southern (Confederate) Disadvantages
• very little industry and limited railway mileage
• smaller population (9 million, 3 million of whom
were slaves)
• limited financial and naval forces
• experienced food shortages and high rates of
inflation
North vs. South
http://10.120.2.41/SAFARI/montage/play.php?frompage=play&keyindex=118662&location=005
849&chapterskeyindex=384150&sceneclipskeyindex=-1
Before we leave…
• Remember to sign up for the “Young Republic”
unit test retake (offered Monday and
Wednesday before and after school) if you
wish to do so.
• Turn in Homework 11
• Turn in your exhibit materials if you have not
already done so – last day to turn in an exhibit
or current unit materials is Friday, Jan. 17.