Transcript series of compromises

7(B) compare the effects of political, economic, and social
factors on slaves and free blacks;
7(C) analyze the impact of slavery on different sections of the
United States; and
7(D) identify the provisions and compare the effects of
congressional conflicts and compromises prior to the Civil War,
including the roles of John Quincy Adams, John C. Calhoun,
Henry Clay, and Daniel Webster.
18(C) evaluate the impact of selected landmark Supreme
Court decisions, including Dred Scott v. Sandford, on life in
the United States.
•The issue of slavery was tearing apart the nation.
• To keep the Union together, Congress had created a series of
compromises.
Missouri Compromise 1820
The Missouri Compromise of 1820 maintained a balance between slave and free states.
Maine was a free state and Missouri a slave state…set pattern by admitting one free
and one slave state at a time
A Line was drawn (36-30 degrees) to end any future debate over slavery…..…at least
they thought
• Daniel Webster (Mass)
debated that the people,
not the states make up
the federal government.
“Liberty and Union, now
and forever”
• Robert Hayne (S.C.)
defended state rights and
argued “the government
is stealing power from
the states and adding
strength to the Federal
government”
• Webster argued that no
state had the power to
nullify a federal law or to
secede from the union…if
so we would be “a rope of
sand”
Manifest Destiny = Problems
The vast land acquired in Manifest Destiny would soon created
new problems over the old issue of slavery.
Should the new territories allow slavery or be free? Many
Northerners feared the southerners would soon rush into the
new territories and bring their slaves.
Whig
#13 VP who becomes
President. Poor – born in log
cabin. Didn’t give inaugural
address. Tried not to take a
stand on slavery. First to
remove entire cabinet.
#12 Problem of expansion of
slavery into new territories/states.
“Old Rough & Ready”. Coined
“First Lady” title at funeral Dolly
Madison. Fought in Mexican War.
Dies 16 months into presidency.
Whig
•By 1849, California had
enough citizens to apply
for statehood, but this
would disrupt the balance
in Congress.
•The debate over state rights
and the power of the federal
government would arise again
•Henry Clay stepped in to settle
the California problem
To Please the North
1. California would be admitted as a free state.
2. The slave trade would be abolished in Washington D.C.
To Please the South
The New Mexico and Utah Territories would be able to decide the issue of
slavery by a majority vote. The citizen's would decide whether or not to allow
slavery. (popular sovereignty)
• Congress also passed the Fugitive Slave Act. Made it illegal to assist or help
runaway slaves. It denied slaves the right to a jury trial. As a result, many free
blacks were captured and taking South.
•Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote
Uncle Tom’s Cabin (1852) to
portray slavery as brutal and
immoral.
•The novel follows the life of a old
slave named Uncle Tom. Stowe
showed the evils of slavery
throughout his life.
•Uncle Tom’s Cabin heightened the
conflict between North and South
•President Lincoln is quoted as
having declared, "So this is the
little lady who made this big war”
“I tremble for my country when I reflect that
God is just. His justice cannot sleep forever.”
Thomas Jefferson
“I am quite certain that the crimes of this guilty
land will never be purged away, but with
blood.”
John Brown
“I can not and WILL not live in a country where
my servant and field hand is my equal.”.
Senator Wigfall from Texas
“If you persist, the Union will be dissolved. You have kindled
a fire which all the waters of the ocean cannot put out, which
seas of blood can only extinguish”
Thomas Cobb
“A house divided against itself can not stand”.
Abraham Lincoln
Franklin Pierce - Democrat
14th President (1853 to 1857)
Before taking office – 11 yr
old son died in train wreck.
Didn’t swear to his oath of
office, just affirmed it. His VP
died before taking office so
he didn’t have one.
•The Kansas-Nebraska
Act of 1854 created the
territories of Kansas and
Nebraska.
•Allowed the settlers to
decide whether or not to
have slavery within those
territories.
•popular sovereignty=people
rule
•The act was created by
Democratic Senator
Stephen A. Douglas of
Illinois to build a railroad
•The act repealed the
36-30 line of the
MissouriCompromise
•Proslavery and antislavery
settlers rushed into the
Kansas Territory (1855).
•5000 proslavery Missourians
came and voted illegally giving
legislative power in Kansas to
the proslavery group.
• Antislavery settlers
boycotted and created their
own government.
•A proslavery mob attacked
and destroyed Lawrence Kansas,
killing antislavery members.
•To avenge the Sack of Lawrence, John Brown (an
extreme abolitionist) attacked and murdered several
proslavery neighbors.
"Now, if it is deemed necessary that I should forfeit my life for the furtherance of
the ends of justice, and mingle my blood further with the blood of my children
and with the blood of millions in this slave country whose rights are disregarded
by wicked, cruel, and unjust enactments, I say, let it be done."
- John Brown
•Massachusetts Senator Charles Sumner gave a speech in Congress
attacking proslavery forces in Kansas. He also insulted Senator Butler
from South Carolina.
•Preston Brooks (S.C. Congressmen) attacked Sumner on the floor of
Congress. He hit him over 30 times with a cane.
•Southerners cheered Brooks, Northerners chanted Bleeding Kansas,
Bleeding Sumner.