Transcript File

Doc 11: The “Anaconda” Plan
(Northern War Strategy)
Southern War Strategy
Simply to prevent the North from gaining
territory for long enough that the northern
people would decide the war could not be
won, or at least would not be worth the
cost of winning so that Lincoln would be
forced, politically, to stop the fighting and
grant Southern independence.
Doc 12: Confederate Generals
“Stonewall
” Jackson
George
Pickett
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
• 7 of 8 military colleges in the U.S. were in the South = Great Military Traditions /
Leadership
• Many southern leaders had gained experience during the Mexican American War
Doc 13: Union Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
EXCITED FOR THE WAR!!!
in the beginning at least…
Can’t wait to join in the fight
Notions of glory and romance and adventure
Doc 14: Battle of Bull Run
(1st Manassas)
July, 1861
Watching the “show” at Bull
Run
Doc 14b-This was known as a
TOTAL WAR….
Iron Clad Ships
CIVIL WAR
MEDICINE
60% of all Civil
War Deaths NOT
from being shot
dead
Die from diseases
in Camps and
infections from
wounds
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
Union Victory
23,000 casualties
Doc 15: After Antietam
Lincoln and McClellan
Lincoln meeting with
McClellan after the
Battle of Antietam; a
union victory and
turning point in the war.
McClellan was soon
fired for not pursuing
General Lee when he
had the chance. “He
has a case of the
slows” remarked
Lincoln.
To Miss Fanny McCullough (1840 - 1920), the daughter of Lincoln’s
long-time friend, William McCullough, whose death in battle on
December 5, 1862, sent Fanny into a deep depression.
–
–
Executive Mansion,
Washington, December 23, 1862.
–
–
Dear Fanny
It is with deep grief that I learn of the death of your kind and brave Father;
and, especially, that it is affecting your young heart beyond what is
common in such cases. In this sad world of ours, sorrow comes to all; and,
to the young, it comes with bitterest agony, because it takes them
unawares. The older have learned to ever expect it. I am anxious to afford
some alleviation of your present distress. Perfect relief is not possible,
except with time. You can not now realize that you will ever feel better. Is
not this so? And yet it is a mistake. You are sure to be happy again. To
know this, which is certainly true, will make you some less miserable now.
I have had experience enough to know what I say; and you need only to
believe it, to feel better at once. The memory of your dear Father, instead of
an agony, will yet be a sad sweet feeling in your heart, of a purer, and
holier sort than you have known before.
Please present my kind regards to your afflicted mother.
Your sincere friend
A. LINCOLN.
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
Doc 16: Emancipation
Proclamation 1863
Now, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United
States… designate the following States and parts of
States [are] in rebellion against the United States:
Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and
Virginia, (except the forty-eight counties designated as
West Virginia.
And by virtue of the power, and for the purpose
aforesaid, I do order and declare that all persons held as
slaves within said designated States, and parts of
States, are, and henceforward shall be free; and that the
Executive government of the United States, including the
military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and
maintain the freedom of said persons.
Doc 17: Emancipation in 1863
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
January 1, 1863
Did NOT end
Slavery in USA
Only Freed Slaves in
Confederacy
WHY WAS THE CIVIL WAR FOUGHT???
BEFORE E.P. Jan. 1, 1863:
– To restore the Union – end rebellion
AFTER E.P. Jan. 1, 1863:
– To restore the Union AND to free the slaves
(a moral issue that made abolitionists
happy)
DOC 18: African American
Recruiting Poster
DOC 19:
Recruitment of Black Union Soldiers in 1863
The Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
Regiment was the first military unit consisting of
black soldiers to be raised in the North during the
Civil War. Prior to 1863, no effort was made to recruit
black troops as Union soldiers.
The passage of the Emancipation Proclamation in
December of 1862 provided the impetus for the use
of free black men as soldiers and, at a time when
state governors were responsible for the raising of
regiments for federal service, Massachusetts was
the first to respond with the formation of the Fiftyfourth Regiment.
African-Americans
in Civil War Battles
Black Troops Freeing Slaves
-The first general American military
draft (conscription) was enacted by
the Confederate government on
April 16, 1862, more than a year
before the federal government did
the same. The Confederacy took
this step because it had to;
-Its territory was being assailed on
every front by overwhelming
numbers, and the defending armies
needed men to fill the ranks.
-The compulsory-service law was
very unpopular in the South
because it was viewed as a
violation of the rights of individuals
by the central government, one of
the reasons the South went to war
in the first place.
DOC 20: The South
initiates the Draft, 1862
DOC 21:
The North Initiates
the Draft, 1863
Doc 22: Conscription / Draft
Conscription (The Draft): Forced enrollment in military
service
Rich men can buy their way out of military
service with $300 fee.
“A Rich man’s war and poor man’s fight.”
Doc 23: Recruiting Irish
Immigrants in NYC
Doc 24: NYC Draft Riots, (July 1316, 1863)
"For months after the riots the public life of the city
became a more noticeably white domain."
Doc 25: A “Pogrom” (Riot)
Against Blacks