Transcript Missouri Compromise - Hillsdale Public Schools

http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=tgELv4aNHjQ
•In 1819, there were 11 free
states and 11 slave states.
Representation in the Senate
was evenly balanced between
the North and the South.
•Missouri wanted to join the
Union as a slave state. That
would give the South a majority
in the Senate.
Missouri Compromise
Henry Clay proposed the
Missouri Compromise.
•Missouri would join the
Union as a slave state.
•Maine would join the
Union as a free state.
Missouri Compromise
•Congress drew an
imaginary line across the
southern border of Missouri
at latitude 36º30´N.
Slavery would be permitted
in the Louisiana Purchase
south of that line.
Issue of Slavery in the West
Problem:
•Result of the Mexican War, US
acquired a vast amount of land.
•Missouri Compromise applied
only to the LA Purchase, not the
new western lands.
Arguments - Issue of Slavery
in the West
North:
Congressman David Wilmot
(PA) called for a law to ban
slavery in any territories
won from Mexico.
(Wilmot Proviso)
Arguments - Issue of Slavery
in the West
South:
Southern leaders said
Congress had no right to
ban slavery in the West
The Outcome
•House passed the Wilmot
Proviso, but the Senate
defeated it. The argument
continued.
Opposing Views
•Abolitionists - Slavery should
be banned throughout country &
morally wrong.
•Southern Slaveholders Slavery should be allowed in
any territory. Slaves who escape
to the North should be returned.
Other Viewpoint - Moderates
•Idea of Popular Sovereignty right of people to create their
government
•Voters in a new territory would
decide for themselves whether
or not to allow slavery.
Many northern Democrats &
Whigs opposed the spread of
slavery, but leaders of both
parties refused to take a stand.
•Antislavery members of both
parties met & founded FreeSoil Party (a new political party)
Free-Soil Party - main
goal was to keep slavery
from spreading to the
western territories.
Presidential Election of 1848
•Free-Soilers - Van Buren: ban
on slavery in land gained from
Mexican War
•Democrats - Cass (Michigan):
supported popular sovereignty
•Whigs-Taylor-LA slaveowner
•Winner of 1848
Presidential ElectionTaylor
•Even Congress
contained 13 FreeSoilers
Slavery Debate…..
•1849 - 15 slave states and 15
free states.
•CA enter as a free state - North
would have a majority in
Senate. South fear territories
Oregon, Utah, and New Mexico
enter as free territories/states
•Southerners worried would
be outvoted in Senate
•Southern States possibility
secede or leave the US
(Union)
Opposing Views
•Clay - North and South reach
an agreement and if they did
not - nation could break apart.
•Calhoun - Refused to
compromise - slavery should
be allowed in the western
territories
Calhoun Continued…
•fugitive slaves be returned
to their owners, & warned if
the North did not agree
South would secede
•Webster - slavery evil but
the breakup of US worse warned against civil war
Compromise of 1850
• Admits CA as a free state
• Territories of New Mexico &
Utah voters decide slavery
question by popular sovereignty
• Bans slave trade in Washington,
DC (not slavery)
• Fugitive Slave Act
Compromise Continued…
• Settles Texas/New Mexico
border dispute - (Texas
gave up land in eastern
New Mexico and in return
US assumed payment of
their debts)
Fugitive Slave Act of 1850
• Citizens must help catch runaway
slaves.
• Let fugitives escape - fined
$1,000 & jailed.
• Special courts handle cases of
runaways. No jury trials. Judges
receive $10 for sending a
runaway to the South and $5 for
setting someone free.
Response-Fugitive Slave Act
• Some judges sent African
Americans to the South to
receive extra money.
• Act enraged antislavery
Northerners - made them
feel as if they were part of
the slave system.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Harriet Beecher Stowe shows evils of slavery & the
injustice of Fugitive Slave
Act.
• Uncle Tom - enslaved
African American noted for
his kindness.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Continued..
• Tom is bought by the brutal
Simon Legree
• When Tom refuses to reveal
the location of two runaways,
Legree whips him to death.
Reaction to Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Northerners now saw
slavery as a moral problem
facing every American.
• Southerners claimed that
the book did not give a true
picture of a slave’s life.
Leading up to Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Compromise of 1850 dealt w/
Mexican Cession (CA & New
Mexico Territory, Utah Territory)
• Did not deal with land that was
part of the LA Purchase
(Missouri Compromise of 1820)
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NPrG
U5rJQEc
Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854
• Senator Douglas - IL proposed
setting up a government for
Nebraska Territory by dividing it
into 2 territories - Kansas and
Nebraska(part of LA Purchase)
• Settlers in each territory decide
issue of slavery by popular
sovereignty
Reaction to Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Southerners hoped slave
owners from MO would move
into Kansas and make it a
slave state
• Northerners - MO Compromise
already banned slavery in
Kansas and Nebraska
Reaction to Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Kansas-Nebraska Act would
overturn/repeal Missouri
Compromise
• Slavery could now spread to
areas that were free for over 30
years
• Some challenged Fugitive
Slave Act
Kansas consisted of …
• Abolitionists brought over 1,000
settlers from New England
• Proslavery settlers also came
• Proslavery groups from MO
rode across border - Border
Ruffians - fought with
antislavery groups
Two Governments
• 1855 Kansas held elections for
governor and legislature
• Border Ruffians voted illegally
and helped elect proslavery
legislature- passed laws to
support slavery
• Antislavery settlers refused to
accept new laws
Two Governments Continued …
• Antislavery settlers elected own
governor and legislature
• Two governments resulted in
chaos
• Armed gangs roamed the territory
“Bleeding Kansas”
• Proslavery men raided town of
Lawrence - (founded by
abolitionists) destroyed homes
and smashed press of FreeSoil newspaper - 1856
• John Brown - abolitionist - and
other men attack town of
Pottawatomie Creek - murder 5
proslavery settlers at night
“Bleeding Kansas”
• Both sides engaged in guerrilla
warfare - hit and run tactics
• Late 1856 over 200 people
killed
• Newspapers started calling the
territory “Bleeding Kansas”
Dred Scott Case
• Dred Scott was a slave in
Missouri
• He moved with his owner to
Illinois and Wisconsin Territory
- slavery not allowed
• Scott returned to MO with his
owner who then died
• Antislavery lawyers helped
Scott file a lawsuit
Dred Scott Case
• Scott’s lawyers argued that
since he lived in a free
state/territory, he became a
free man
• 1857 - Supreme Court decided
- Scott could not file a lawsuit
b/c a slave was not a citizen
Dred Scott Case Continued…
• Slaves considered property (5th Amendment - cannot have
property taken away w/o
applying the law)
• Congress did not have the
power to outlaw slavery in any
territory
Dred Scott Case Continued…
• MO Compromise unconstitutional b/c denies
people right to their property
Reaction to Dred Scott Case
• Slave owners - slavery now
legal in all territories
• African Americans - condemned
ruling - held public meetings
• Northerners hoped that slavery
would eventually die out if
restricted to the South
Reaction to Dred Scott Case
• Northerners worried now
slavery could spread to the
West