Transcript RUMBLINGS OF CIVIL WAR 1845

CAUSES OF THE CIVIL WAR
1820-1861
I. ESSENTIAL QUESTION...
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What issues and events shattered the nation's
unity and led to the Civil War?
James K. Polk
11th President of the U.S.
Born in N.C.
Attended UNC-Chapel Hill
Oversaw the expansion of
the US during the MexicanAmerican War and
negotiated the addition of
the “Oregon Territory” from
Britain.
II. CAUSES OF WAR
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1. Regional divisions started to form after the
Revolutionary War.
2. Economies in the northern and southern
states were very different.
3. New land in the West created many
arguments over the expansion of slavery.
4. New laws created hostility between
politicians.
5. The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860.
III. MISSOURI COMPROMISE
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1820- Maine becomes a “free state”, Missouri
becomes a “slave” state.
Henry Clay- Senator from Kentucky proposed
the idea of drawing an imaginary line at latitude
36/30 north. (Pg. 322)
Any new state north of the line would be “free,”
any state south of the line would be “slave.”
Missouri Compromise Map
IV. THE COMPROMISE OF 1850
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1850- California asks to enter the United States
as a “free” state.
Henry Clay asks Congress to reach a
compromise:
1. CA be admitted as a free state,
2. Utah and New Mexico would decide for
themselves whether to be slave or free.
3. Fugitive Slave Law- forced people in the
North to return runaway slaves to the South.
V. KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACT
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1854- two new territories, Kansas & Nebraska
became open to settlement.
Both were north of the line established by the
Missouri Compromise, so both would be free
states.
To compromise with the South, Congress
declared that popular sovereignty (vote by local
residents) would decide if each territory would
be slave or free.
VI. BLEEDING KANSAS
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Many Northerners flooded into Kansas to
protest against slavery, while pro-slavery forces
from the South also came.
In all, 200 people died in Kansas over the issue
of slavery.
Newspapers labeled the territory, “Bleeding
Kansas” and the “1st Civil War.”
Bleeding Kansas
VII. ATTACK IN CONGRESS
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5/22/1856- Preston
Brooks of S. Carolina
attacked Charles
Sumner of
Massachusetts with a
cane.
Mr. Sumner suffered
severe injuries that
kept him out of
Congress for 3 years!
IX. THE ISSUE OF SLAVERY
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1857- the Supreme Court ruled in Dred Scott v.
Sandford, that slaves were “property” of their
owners and did not have any rights.
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The court decided that Congress could not
ban slavery in new territories.
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This leads to further division between the
North and South.
X. NORTHERN ABOLITIONISTS
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Abolitionists- those who wanted to rid the entire
country of slavery.
John Brown- a famous radical who killed 5
people in Kansas, and attempted to capture a
federal weapons depot in West Virginia.
Harriet Beecher Stowe- author of “Uncle Tom's
Cabin,” an anti-slavery book that sold 400,000
copies, but was banned in the South.
Brown & Stowe
XI. ELECTION OF 1860
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Abraham Lincoln (Republican) was elected as
the 16th President of the U.S.
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Speaking on slavery, he said “A house divided
against itself cannot stand. I believe this gov't
cannot last permanently, half free and half
slave.”
Abraham Lincoln
XII. THE SOUTH SECEDES
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Secede- to break away
1860- the South warned that if a Republican
became President, it would secede from the
union.
The Confederate States of America- South
Carolina is the 1st to secede and others follow.
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Jefferson Davis of Mississippi becomes
President of the Confederacy.
The Nation Divides Map
NOTES QUESTIONS
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1. How did the Missouri Compromise split the
western territories in two?
2. What did the Compromise of 1850 do?
3. Why did the Kansas-Nebraska Act lead to
violence?
4. Give an example of an abolitionist.
5. Other than slavery, what were two other
causes of the Civil War?
6. What was the final event that led to the South
seceding from the United States?
CH. 15 NOTES
FIGHTING IN THE CIVIL WAR
1861-1865
QUESTIONS TO THINK
ABOUT…
WHICH SIDE…
Had a larger population (more soldiers)?
Had more supplies (guns, ammunition,
food, etc.)?
Had better generals?
Had a stronger navy?
Had more railroads?
Was more familiar to the battle ground
fought on?
Had stronger government control?
Goals
North’s Goals:
The North wanted to restore the Union.
South’s Goals:
The Confederacy wanted to be an independent
nation. It just needed to fight long enough and
to convince Northerners that the war was not
worth its cost.
I. UNION ADVANTAGES
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1. Experienced federal government and trade
w/foreign nations.
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2. Had 8 more states than the Confederacy.
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3. 2x the population of the South.
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4. Controlled 80% of the nation's factories and
mills (more weapons, ammunition, etc..).
5. Better transportation.
II. CONFEDERATE ADVANTAGES
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1. Outstanding military officers.
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2. More experienced soldiers.
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3. Knew the land well in the South
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4. Planned to fight a defensive battle.
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5. Soldiers knew what they were fighting for:
their homes, land, and loved ones.
III. FIGHTING BEGINS
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April 12, 1861- S. Carolina troops fired on
federal forces at Fort Sumter, SC.
N.C.: the only southern state to form a peace
movement during the war.
FORT SUMTER
(PRESENT DAY)
IV. GATHERING ARMIES
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Draft- the requirement of all males, ages 18-35
to register for military service.
North Carolina- supplied around 96 percent of
the state's men (ages 20-60), and lost 40,000
men; more than any other southern state.
V. ANACONDA PLAN
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Gen. Winfield Scott
came up with the idea
to block all southern
ports, and attack the
south from the west
and east.
Photo to the right--
VI. IMPORTANT BATTLES
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1. 1st Battle of Bull Run (MD)- Confederates
win, General Jackson gets the nickname
“Stonewall”
2. Battle of Antietam (MD)- Union wins, Lincoln
uses victory to issue the Emancipation
Proclamation.
3. Chancellorsville (VA)- South wins, but
Stonewall Jackson is shot by his own men and
dies.
4. Gettysburg (PA)- Union wins, turning point of
the war, Lee never invades the North again.
VI. IMP. BATTLES CONT..
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5. Vicksburg (MS)- Union forces take control of
the Miss. River.
6. Atlanta (GA)- Union forces win, victory helps
Lincoln get re-elected.
7. Appomattox (VA)- Gen. Grant (North) forced
Gen. Lee (South) to surrender.
Gen. Jackson, Antietam Grave,
Gettysburg, Surrender
VII. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS
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The Emancipation Proclamation- 1863- freed all
slaves living in Confederate states.
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It DID NOT outlaw slavery or free any slaves
in Union states.