Transcript Events leading to Civil War

Events leading to Civil War
Events of the Civil War
Dorman
U.S. History
Wilmot Proviso
• How will new territory (gained from
Mexican cession) enter the United States?
• Congressman David Wilmot from
Pennsylvania wanted to prevent slavery
from expanding.
• Northern dominated House of
Representatives passed the law, Senate
voted it down.
• Demonstrates the conflict, once again!
Wilmot Proviso
• Led to a split in political parties:
– Democrats
• Northern supported law
• Southern against it
– Whigs
• Northern
• Southern
• Most candidates in the 1848 elections tried
to avoid it the issue of slavery
Mexican Cession
Compromise of 1850
•Dispute broke out in Congress about whether or not
California would be admitted as a free state or slave state.
•The death of Calhoun and President Taylor allowed
congress to come to a compromise, they were both
supporters of slave states.
President Taylor:
supported slavery
and opposed
California admitting
as a free state
John Calhoun:
supported slavery,
senator of South
Carolina
The 5 components of the compromise
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
California was admitted as a free
state
Popular sovereignty was applied
to the territory obtained by
Mexico
Texas surrendered its claims on
New Mexico for $10 million from
the federal government to settle
debts
Slave trade was prohibited in
D.C.
Fugitive slave act: stated that
any private citizen that assisted a
runaway/ fugitive slave could be
fined or imprisoned
D.C. had one of the largest
slave ports in the U.S.
Personality Liberty Laws
Hayley Birmingham
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•
•
•
•
Problem/Goal- An increasing federal intervention in the
affairs of the independent states and slavery.
Participants/Key Players- Northern States and William
Lloyd Garrison (abolitionist)
Where- Washington D.C. Congress
When- After the Compromise of 1850
Key Episodes/Events-The statutes nullified the Fugitive Slave Act
and allowed the state to arrest slave catchers
for kidnapping.
-Garrison said “Nothing less than… a Revolution for
the Government of this country.”
Personality Liberty Laws
Hayley Birmingham
-Imprisoned African Americans could go to court for
their release. Judges were paid $10 dollars to side
with the owner and only got $5 dollars if they sided
with a slave on their release.
• Resolution/Outcome- Black Americans that were
caught before the law was passed despised it.
Slaves, fugitives, and free black people
plotted and carried out resistance.
• Theme/Lesson- America only
wanted to put little effort and
work into a big issue.
Personality Liberty Laws
Hayley Birmingham
Anthony Burns: Anthony was a slave
that escaped to Boston and found work.
He sent a letter to his brother back in
Virginia, who was still a slave and his
owner confiscated it. The owner sent men
out to capture Anthony and bring him back to the
Plantation. A black minister tried to purchase him
but the U.S. attorney refused. There were many
people watching the troops escorting him from
freedom back to slavery.
Political Parties of the 1850’s
Problem: Slavery – Opposing viewpoints
Goal: Unite the Nation
Key Events/Political Parties
 Compromise of 1850 – Whig party began to die
out
 Know-Nothings (the American Party):
1. Opposed to immigration
2. Joined by antislavery Whigs
3. Took a proslavery platform in 1856
 Free-Soil Party:
1. Formed by antislavery Democrats and Whigs
2. Absorbed into the new Republican Party
 Republican Party rises in 1854 mainly in
opposition to slavery
Kenleigh Stevens
Political Parties of the 1850’s
Free Soil Party: Main leaders were
Martin Van Buren and Charles F.
Adams
 Outcome: Democrat & Republican
Party
 Theme: Political parties can help to
deal with opposing viewpoints, but
can also fuel a divide in a nation.
Chris Talbert
Goal!
The goal of the underground railroad was to help
Southern Slaves escape from slavery. A more long
term/indirect goal was to loosen the mental hold slave
owners had over slaves at that time.
Tha Ballers!
Harriet Tubam was a vital baller in the Underground Railroad.
Tubman conducted over twenty-four expeditions to the South to free
her enslaved brethren. She even freed her parents. Her expeditions
alone resulted in the liberation of hundreds of slaves, she was never
caught.
Henry “Box” Brown was a slave who shipped himself from
Richmond to Philadelphia in a wooden box. He became a public
advocate for the abolition of slavery henceforth.
Fredrick Douglas, an escaped slave, was a highly educated and well
receive individual. He spoke about equality for all people, men,
women, Blacks, Asians. His most famous quote being, “I would write
with any body to do right and no one to do wrong.”
Outcome!
The actions of those operating under this
infamous yet highly influential/beneficial
organization are quite miraculous. Those
who participated freed hundreds of slaves
and weakened the institution of slavery in
the South. In addition to these factors this
gave new hope to slaves who had not yet
been freed that one day soon, they would
see the light.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Problem/Goal
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was a piece of literature that’s goal was to bring
attention to slavery in true detail.
When & Where
Connecticut 1852
Participants/Key Players
Author of book: Harriet
Beecher Stowe
Stowe was an
abolitionist and an author
who published more than
20 books.
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Key Episodes/Events
The book told of the life of African-Americans
under slavery and first hand events that
depicted the hardships and struggles of life
as a slave.
Resolution/Outcome
it reached millions as a novel and play, and
became influential in the United States and
United Kingdom. It energized anti-slavery
forces in the American North, while
provoking widespread anger in the South.
The Book sold over 300,000 copies in its first
year and was the best selling book of the
19th century.
Theme/Lesson
Slavery was fully exposed to the public in great
detail which caused many to rally against it
building on feud between the North and
South.
Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854)
Goal - to create the possibility for slavery in
Kansas and Nebraska territories using popular
sovereignty
Nebraska/
Kansas
Territory
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Key events - Senator Stephen Douglas introduced a
bill for the setting up of an government in the
Nebraska territory
• Under this bill the people in the Nebraska territory
would use popular sovereignty to decide whether or
not to allow slavery or outlaw slavery when applying
for statehood
• The South feared that Nebraska would enter as a free
state, so Douglas amended to divide Nebraska
territory into two territories: Kansas territory and
Nebraska territory
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Result – In the spring of 1854, Congress passed the
Kansas-Nebraska Act. Kansas territory entered as a
slave state while Nebraska entered as a free state.
Theme – The Kansas-Nebraska Act nullified the
Missouri Compromise of 1850, by allowing slavery
to spread in areas that had been free for 30+ years
• This Act was meant for uniting of the nation but
instead caused further division; led to the creation of
the Republican party
Bleeding Kansas
• The Kansas-Nebraska act meant that
popular sovereignty would determine
whether Kansas entered as a slave state
or not
• Settlers from both sides began to flood
Kansas
Bleeding Kansas
• Two governments were established. One
was pro-slave and one was anti-slave.
• Pro-slave settlers attacked anti-slave
settlement of Lawrence
• In retaliation, abolitionist John Brown
executes 5 pro-slave settlers
Bleeding Kansas
• Many violent outbreaks occur over period
of years
• Senator Sumner is beaten in the senate
after insulting an absent senator
Sumner Vs. Brooks
• In 1856 in Kansas, Massachusetts Brooks beats Sumer with
a wooden cane until its broken in the chambers.
• Sumer insulted his uncle Andrew Butler about supporting
slavery when he was absent of Sumner’s speech.
• Butler, Brooks, and Sumer were Democratic Congressman
from South Carolina .
Sumner vs. Brooks
• Brooks resigned from congress but later reelected until he died.
• Sumer also returned three years later until he died.
Scott v. Sanford1857
African-American
slave, Dred Scott
argued free status.
Chief Justice Roger
B. Taney upheld
property rights over
slaves.
Scott’s owner John Sanford
claimed no slave could
achieve U.S Citizenship.
Further separated North and South.
Key Events
•
Residence of slaves in free soil states does not enable free man status
•
Owners right to property
•
Slaves are property not citizens
•
Congress cannot ban slavery-
•
5th Amendment- requires just compensation if private property is taken
•
“Free Soil” federal laws and Missouri Compromise line of 1820 declared
unconstitutional- robbed slave owners of “Property Rights”
•
Americans of African descendent cannot use court system
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Sophie Randleman
Participants:
-Abraham Lincoln
-Republican
-Stephen A. Douglas
-Democrat
Where? A city from
each district in Illinois
When? 1858
The Problem:
Lincoln and Douglas both
had dissenting opinions on
slavery. Both men were running
for the same position: a seat in
the US Senate for Illinois.

Key Events:
– A series of seven debates took
place between Lincoln and
Douglas.
– Lincoln was for the defense of
slaves and their rights;
Douglas took sides with
slavery and letting each state
have the right to choose their
own position.
– The debates in Freeport,
Quincy, and Alton drew large
crowds from other places
besides Illinois.
– The debates created a huge
amount of newspaper
coverage throughout the
state.
– The states mainly covered
slavery and its expansion into
the new territories.

Resolution:
– Douglas won the election by
a very small amount.
– Lincoln did lose the election;
however, he “won” a large
group of followers that would
eventually help him out in
the next national election.
Harper’s Ferry
• Harpers Ferry was a raid
led by John Brown in
Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in
1859.
• John Brown got 21,
including 5 free African
American men to go to
Harpers Ferry and seize
the federal arsenal.
• John Brown hoped to
inspire slaves to join his
revolution that would
destroy slavery in the
south.
Harper’s Ferry
• John Browns attempt ended in failure and not many
slaves were ready to join the revolution.
• One day after the raid started U.S. marines surrounded
John Browns Fort and when John Brown refused to surrender
they quickly over took the fort and captured John Brown and
his raiders.
• Eventually John
Browns revolution
ended in failure
as well.
• John Brown was
later found and
arrested with
several others,
later he was
hanged.
The Election Of 1860
John Raynor
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The Democrats held there convention in Charleston, NC where the southern
democrats wanted to support the federal protection of slavery in the
territories. The Democrats were in 2 parties The northern and the southern.
Stephen Douglas was nominated by the northern, and John Breckinridge
from Kentucky was nominated by the southern. Breckinridge wanted to
expand slavery in the territories.
The Republicans held there convention
in Chicago, where they nominated
1.
1.
Abraham Lincoln of Illinois. At first
a politician named William Seward was
favored to win but when people kept worrying about how his antislavery
views were to radical the convention went with Lincoln.
•
The outcome of the election was Lincoln wins and becomes president and
he wins because of his many good debating skills, his views for moderation
and his reputation for integrity.
South Carolina
Secession/Formation of CSA
•Goal- Southern Slave
States secede.
•Lincoln was voted without
south involved.
•Seceded in Charleston,
SC.
•SC left December 20,
1860.
•CSA formed in February of
1861.
•11 States including SC,
GA, TX, VA, MISS, FL, TN,
AR, NC, AL, LA.
Confederate States of America
Secession Cont.
Key Events-February of 1861 seven states
seceded from the union.
-Created new government with new
constitution.
-Hoped for a compromise.
-MISS. Senator Jefferson DavisPresident.
-Alexander Stephens- Vice
President
Jefferson Davis
Alexander Stephens
Secession Cont.
Outcome/Resolution:
-The outcome that followed the
secession was that the southern
states had no longer interacted
with the northern states.
-Civil War
-Crittenden Compromise.
Theme/Lesson:
-The lesson from this secession
created the United States to be
where it is today. Without this war
we may not have been where we
are today. We learned that we
need to stay together and work
together as a country forever.
Crittenden Compromise
• Where: Southern United States
• When: December 18, 1860
• Goal:
– Aimed to resolve the
succession crisis during 18601861.
– Addressed varying grievances
which made southern states
debate succession.
– Slavery below Missouri
compromise line would not be
restricted by federal
government.
• Participants:
– Kentucky Senator, John
Crittenden, a geographical
distinction for division of
slavery
– Lincoln opposed this
compromise
Compromise Cont..
• Key Episodes:
– Confederate states of America
was formed
*Stressed individual state
power: ability to secede
from the union
– Federal government would
have no say in slavery below
36 parallel.
– Lincoln along with the House
and Senate opposed this idea.
– “You think slavery is right and
ought to be extended, while
we think it is wrong, and ought
to be restricted.”-Quote from
Lincoln
Resolution/Outcome:
– Compromise wasn’t passed
– By January 19th, Mississippi,
Florida, Alabama, Georgia all
seceded from the union
• Theme/Lesson:
– Rejection of compromise →
Lead to civil war
Senator John Crittenden
Assail-1.Make a concerted or violent attack on
st
1
Battle of Bull Run
By: Omar Hutchinson
Location
• Manassas, Virginia
• July 21st, 1861
Problem/Goal
• General Scott wanted to advance on the
South before training his unprepared troops.
• Scott ordered General Irvin McDowell to
advance on Confederate troops stationed at
Manassas, Virginia.
• Attack was to be held on July 21, 1861, before
the confederates sent reinforcements
Key Episodes/Events
• The North and South met at Bull Run
• Union gained upper hand in the beginning of
the battle
• Confederate Jackson called upon reinforcements
giving south the advantage of winning the battle
• Northern troops retreated back to Washington
• Jackson won the Battle for the south giving him
the nickname ‘Stonewall Jackson’
Important Figures during Battle
• General Scott
•
wash.
General McDowell; Fought for the North
lost battle retreat;
• Gained Victory for South
• Became known as Stonewall Jackson
Outcome
• South advances on the North; Sending north back to Washington in retreat.
Antietam Battle
• In September 1862, General Robert lee
planed to invade Maryland.
• George McClellan finds a lost copy of Lee’s
plan and goes to stop him
• Lee wanted to get closer to the capital , so
he can attack Washington D.C
Antietam Battle
• Lee selects the Potomac river as a
battleground
• The 1st four hours of fighting was in 30
acres of cornfield.
• McClellan had head on attacks against
Lee’s center with is called the bloody lane.
• The Battle of Antietam is considered a draw
from a military point of view
• Abraham Lincoln claimed it as a victory.
Emancipation
Proclamation
Sabrina Smith
5 W’s
∆
∆
∆
∆
∆
Who?
∆ Frederick Douglas and William Garrison- Two abolitionists who strongly advised
Lincoln to do some thing regarding the abolishment of Slavery.
∆ Abraham Lincoln- President at the time. Passed the Emancipation Proclamation.
What?
∆ Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation to free all slaves during the Civil
War.
When?
∆ September 22, 1862
Where?
∆ Washington, DC
Why?
∆ We see how the war wasn’t really about slavery at first, but used slavery as a
cover. We also learn how Lincoln was trying to keep the nation together, keep
Britain’s commercial support, and keep his supporters loyal.
In greater detail…
∆ Abraham Lincoln couldn’t avoid the issue of slavery, and knew he had
to do something about it to save the nation.
∆ He didn’t want to pass the Emancipation Proclamation while the South
was winning because it would look like a forfeit of the Union, and didn’t
want them to be seen as weak.
∆ Waited until after the Battle of Antietam, where the Union launched a
surprise attack on the Confederacy after finding their war plans.
∆ African Americans were allowed to become soldiers under the 54th
Regiment Act passed by Congress. They were also openly recruited.
∆ This was a great turning point in the war because the North redefined it
as being “about slavery” and the South realized they couldn’t negotiate
the outcome of the war.
What did it do?
∆
∆
∆
∆
established that all men are created equal
freed slaves in states that had seceded from the Union
created the initial tax system
defined the election process, including the Electoral
College
Gettysburg
When: July 1-3 1863
Where: Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania in Adam
Country
Key Players:
• General Robert E. Lee
• General George Pickett
• Abe Lincoln
Problem:
• The north attacked across the
Rappahannock River twice so Lee fought
back
Theme:
• The war had to be won and the union
had to be saved
Key Events
The Devils Den
Little Round Top
Big Round Top
Culps Hill
Cemetery Hill
20th Maine
Gettysburg Address
Pickett's charge
Cemetery Ridge
Battle of Vicksburg
Maribel Perez
3rd Period
Problem/Goal
• Union forces took the north,
and controlled the entire
Mississippi river, the
confederacy was physically
split in two.
Participants/Key Players
•Union General- Ulysses S. Grant,
and his soldiers
•Confederate
General- John C. Pemberton
and his soldiers
Where/When
• Vicksburg, Mississippi
• May 18 – July 4, 1863
Key Events
• Union major general Ulysses
S. Grant army of Tennessee
drove the confederate army of
General John C. Pemberton in
the lines surrounding the city of
Vicksburg Mississippi.
• General Grant places
Vicksburg under siege
• On July 4, 1863 the
confederates knew they were
hopeless and surrendered.
Resolution/Outcome
• Confederates surrounded
• Led to the surrender of Port
Hudson
Theme/Lesson
• It led to the turning point of the
war and it cut of
communication with
confederate forces in the transMississippi department for the
reminder of the war.
Sherman’s March
• Included: Union
General William T.
Sherman and the
60,000 union soldiers.
• Location: Marched
from Atlanta to
Savannah Georgia.
• When: December 21st
1864.
• Goal: “Make old and
young, rich and poor,
feel the hard hand of
war.”--General
Sherman
• Resolution: The union
won and General
William T. was happy.
Lincoln was re-elected
as president.
•Key Events: They did
not destroy the towns in
their path, but stole food
and livestock and
burned houses and
barns of people who
tried to fight back.
Surrender at
Appomattox Court House
• Who: Robert E Lee.
• Where: Appomattox Court House,
Virginia
• When: April, 1895
• Problem:
– Lee and his soldiers were
starving.
– Trapped at Appomattox Court
House
Surrender at
Appomattox Court House
• Key Events:
– Failed to break the siege
of Petersburg.
– Went back to Virginia,
facing the problem of the
lack of food.
– Finally, Lee surrendered
to Grant.
• Outcome:
– The war end.
– Still 170,000 soldiers
in South.
• Theme:
– Confederates lost the war.
– Slavery was going to end.
– The politics of the whole
country was going to
change.