Transcript July 1-3, 1863

The Civil War
The Civil War

War fought
between the
northern and
southern states
lasting from 18611865.
VS
Stephen Douglass
Democrat
 Southerner
 Pro-Slavery
 Wanted to continue
slavery


Abraham Lincoln
Republican
 Northerner
 Abolitionist
 Lincoln said nation
could not continue
slavery.

Reaction in Georgia
 Georgia
convinced the North was
against them because of Lincoln.
 General Assembly gives $1 million to
defend state.
 Gov. John Brown believed that
Lincoln would abolish slavery.
 Brown wants succession.
Reaction in Georgia
 Georgia’s
132 counties had a
convention.
 Voted on succession
 The vote won
 Georgia seceded from U.S.
Southern View of Secession




South felt that union
as a compact among
states.
States could leave as
easy as they entered
Constitution didn’t say
they couldn’t leave.
They saw Union as a
club they could leave.
Northern View
Union is older than the Constitution
 Union is a contract – to break a contract you
need both sides to agree
 Succession is illegal and unconstitutional
 Act of violence between states illegal
 Saw Union as like a marriage you can’t leave.
Till Death do us part.

Northern View
 Lincoln
warned Georgia
 Georgia still left Union
 Many people did not want to leave
but loyal to GA.
A New Nation Formed
 GA
out of USA
 New Nation, Confederate States of
America
 Used type of Government of Articles
of Confederation
 Weak Federal strong States.

Jefferson Davis
Jefferson Davis
pres of new
country.
 Montgomery AL
first capital

Fight Begins
Union left forces on
Fort Sumter in SC
 SC & Confederacy
want them out
 Attack fort several
times
 South win and
North leaves fort
 Start of the Civil
War

Fight Begins
 Lincoln
builds an army after Sumter
 Blockade the south
 States take sides
 4 slave states stay with Union, called
border states
– Delaware,
– Kentucky,
– Maryland
– Missouri
Blockade of Georgia and the South
 North
blockade Georgia Ports
 Cut off Georgia from the ocean
 Some ships sneak past – Blockade
Runners
Life in Georgia during the Civil War
 First
2 years fighting outside GA
 Blockade of south by north makes it
hard to sell cotton
 No cotton sold = no $
 No $ for army
Life in Georgia during the Civil War
Women of GA substitute stuff for things
they can’t buy
 Slavery remained during war
 Slaves used to build forts
 Confederacy considered using slaves to
fight
1. Contradict that slaves were not equal
to white
2. Slaves may shoot confederate army

Life in Georgia during the Civil War
 With
slave owners gone to fight
slaves runaway
 Many go out to island off coast
controlled by north
Georgians in the War
Gov. Brown called
for men to fight
 Gets 25,000 men
 Not enough
weapons
 Soldiers nicknamed
Billy Yank – North
Johnny Reb - South

Georgians in the War
Great leadership
advantage to south
 1st major battle
Virginia’s Manassas
Junction
 South Wins
 Both sides found
long war

Antietam
Confederate General Robert E. Lee moved
his troops to Maryland.
 From there he planned to capture
Washington, D.C.
 His troops were stopped by Union troops
commanded by George B. McClellan at
Antietam Creek, Maryland.
 On September 17, 1862, George B.
McClellan and his troops stopped the
Confederate army from advancing on
Washington, D.C.

Antietam
The Battle of Antietam proved to be one of
the bloodiest single days in the war.
 Confederate casualties were about 13,700,
while the Union lost about 12,400 men.
 Although McClellan protected the capital
from Confederate forces, he allowed Lee’s
army to escape to Virginia.

Gettysburg
 July
1-3, 1863
 Turning point of war
 South loses and retreats
 The South never gets further North
again.
Chickamauga
The Battle of Chickamauga took place
September 18—20, 1863.
 Control of the railroad in nearby
Chattanooga, Tennessee, was at stake.
 After three days of fighting, most of the
Union forces retreated in disorder to
Chattanooga.
 Casualties numbered more than 16,000
for the Union and more than 18,000 for
the Confederates.

Chickamauga
It was the bloodiest battle fought in
Georgia.
 The battle was considered a Confederate
victory because Confederate forces
pushed Union forces back to Chattanooga
rather than letting them proceed into
Georgia.
 Union forces captured Chattanooga which
was the campaign’s goal.

Emancipation Proclamation
 Sept
1862
 All slaves in the Confederacy are now
free
 Changed war to a war to free slaves
 Slaves are welcome to join Union
army
 They could man forts, positions and
stations
Emancipation Proclamation
 186,000
African Americans enlist
 93,000 are from the south
Georgia Supplies the Confederacy
 Farmer
told to grow food instead of
cotton
 Georgia has factories to make
supplies
 GA called the “heart of the south”
The Tide Turns
 South
starts losing
 South had superior leadership
 May 1863, Gen “Stonewall” Jackson
dies shot by his own troops on
accident
War Comes to GA
 Nov
1861, Union control Tybee
Island
 April 1862, Union takes Fort Pulaski
in Savannah
 ATL important military target
because of Industry
Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign
 Nov
16, 1864 Sherman began his
“March to the Sea”
 Sherman divided his forces
 Attacked both military targets and
private homes
 Destroy $100 million and resources
 Dec 21, 1864 Sherman captures
Savannah
 14,000 Africans join the march
Andersonville
Andersonville Prison In February 1864, the
Confederates opened a prison camp to
house Union soldiers.
 Andersonville Prison was located in
Georgia and held the largest amount of
prisons than any other camp at the time.
 During the Civil War, tens of thousands of
Union soldiers were imprisoned there.
 Conditions were very bad.

Andersonville
Unhealthy sanitation conditions,
malnutrition, and overcrowding led to
mass amounts of casualties.
 Out of 45,000 men that were imprisoned
at Andersonville, almost 13,000 died.
 Today, the prison is part of Andersonville
National Historic Site, a memorial for all
American prisoners of war.

End of the War
April 9, 1865 War
ends at
Appomattox Court
House
 Gen Lee surrenders
the south

Summary
 What
was the importance of key
events of the Civil War? Include:
Antietam, Emancipation
Proclamation, Gettysburg,
Chickamauga, the Union blockade of
Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta
Campaign, Sherman’s March to the
Sea, and Andersonville.