Transcript The Civil War

The
Civil War
(1861-1865)
The Leaders of the Confederacy
Pres. Jefferson Davis
VP Alexander Stevens
A Northern View of Jeff Davis
A Northern View of Jeff Davis
A Northern View of Jeff Davis
Western and Southern Theaters
Battle of Fort Sumter
April 12 – 13, 1861
“You will want only strike a
hornet's nest.... Legions now
quiet will swarm out and
sting us to death. . . .”
Secretary of State Robert Toombs, 1861
Lincoln’s Generals
Winfield Scott
Irwin McDowell
George McClellan
Joseph Hooker
Ambrose Burnside
Ulysses S. Grant
George Meade
George McClellan,
Again!
The Confederate Generals
“Stonewall” Jackson
Nathan Bedford
Forrest
George Pickett
Jeb Stuart
James Longstreet
Robert E. Lee
North vs. South in 1861
North
South
Advantages
?
?
Disadvantages
?
?
Rating the North & the South
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the South
The Union & Confederacy in 1861
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
Ohio Military Service
Soldiers’ Occupations:
North/South Combined
Habeas Corpus
The “Anaconda” Plan
Battle of Bull Run
(1st Manassas)
July, 1861
First Battle of Bull Run
Mobilizing the Troops
Confederate reinforcements at the First
Battle of Bull Run turned the tide for the
Confederacy in the first major battle.
The reinforcing troops were led by
Thomas J. Jackson–“Stonewall”
Jackson.
He became one of the most effective
commanders in the Confederate Army.
At first many Northern and Southern men
enlisted in the armies.
As the war dragged on, fewer young
men enlisted.
The North tried to get volunteers to enlist
by offering a bounty–an amount of money
given as a bonus–to men who enlisted for
three years of military service.
Eventually both the Confederacy and the
Union instituted the draft.
The Naval War
Lincoln proclaimed a blockade of all
Confederate ports in an effort to cut the South’s
trade with the world.
The Union blockade became increasingly
effective as the war went on.
The Union navy, however, could not stop all of
the blockade runners.
A fleet of Union ships, led by David G. Farragut,
captured New Orleans and gained control of the
lower Mississippi River in April 1862.
War in the East: 1861-1862
“The blood of a
poor man is as
precious as that of
the wealthy.”
The War in the East
General George B. McClellan took over the
Union army in the east after General McDowell’s
loss at the First Battle of Bull Run.
The Union wanted to capture the Confederate
capital at Richmond.
Robert E. Lee took over Johnston’s forces and
began a series of attacks against McClellan in
the Seven Days’ Battle.
Lincoln ordered McClellan and his troops to
return to Washington.
This became the Second Battle of
Bull Run.
Confederate troops were just 20 miles from
Washington.
Robert E. Lee and Jefferson Davis believed that
an invasion of the North was the only way to
convince the Union to accept the South’s
independence.
So Lee and his troops invaded Maryland.
McClellan and his troops took position along
Antietam Creek, east of Lee.
The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest oneday battle of the war.
McClellan inflicted so many casualties on
the Confederate army that Lee decided to
retreat to Virginia.
This was an important victory for the
Union.
The South lost its best chance to gain
international recognition and support.
The defeat convinced Lincoln that it was
time to end slavery in the South.
Battle of Antietam
“Bloodiest Single Day of the War”
September 17, 1862
23,000 casualties
Emancipation in 1863
The
Emancipation
Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation
Democrats opposed the end of slavery.
Republicans were divided on the issue.
Others, like Lincoln, did not want to lose
the loyalty of the slaveholding border
states.
As Union casualties rose, however,
Northerners began to agree that slavery
should end.
In September of 1862 Abraham Lincoln,
encouraged by the Union victory at
Antietam, announced that he would issue
the Emancipation Proclamation.
This decree would free all enslaved
persons in states still in rebellion after
January 1, 1863.
The Emancipation Proclamation changed
the Civil War from a conflict over
preserving the Union to a war to free the
slaves.
The Southern View of Emancipation
What were the advantages of
the North?
What were the advantages of
the South?
Alexandria,
Virginia.
Slave pen.
Exterior
view
African-American Recruiting Poster
The Famous 54th Massachusetts
“I imbibed in
the war spirit
immediately. I
wanted to join
the first
company
organized…”
John Weatherred.
African-American teamsters,group of
"contrabands" dressed in Union uniforms
Union Prison Camp
at Andersonville, GA
Original Andersonville Plan
 Planned to hold 10,000 men.
 Had over 32,000 at one time.
Distributing “Rations”
Union “Survivors”
Union
Prisoner’s
Record
at
Anderson
ville
Burying Dead Union POWs
Battle of Chancellorsville
•May 1-14, 1863
•Robert E. Lee for the South
and Joseph Hooker for the
North.
•South had 45,000 soldiers and
North had 70,000.
•General Hooker wanted to try
and capture Richmond again
from the South.
•Stonewall took his troops and
was able to attack the North
from behind.
•This was a unique battle.
The smoke had been so
thick that soldiers from
the North were killing
each other by mistake.
•General Stonewall
Jackson was shot 3 times
by his own men in the
confusion.
•He died 10 days after
the battle from
pneumonia.
•The South wins this
battle
The War in
the West, 1863:
Vicksburg
Vicksburg Falls
Union forces wanted to capture Vicksburg,
Mississippi, in order to gain control of the
Mississippi River and cut the South in two.
Grant’s troops captured the town of
Jackson and proceeded west.
The Union victory cut the Confederacy in
two.
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg
Lincoln gave command of the Union army
to General Ambrose Burnside.
Burnside ordered his troops to attack
Lee’s troops entrenched on the hills south
of Fredericksburg, Virginia.
Lincoln replaced Burnside with General
Joseph Hooker.
General Lee’s troops marched into
Pennsylvania.
When Hooker failed to stop Lee, Lincoln
removed Hooker and replaced him with
General George Meade.
General Meade and his troops headed
north to stop Lee.
Near McPherson's Woods, dead Union solders. Retreating Rebels
sometimes took needed gear from fallen Federals, including their
shoes. The first skirmish leading to the Battle of Gettysburg began
when Rebels searching for shoes encountered Union cavalry.
Open field surgery as an amputation is performed at a Union hospital tent.
Gettysburg Casualties
The Gettysburg Address
“- that we here highly resolve that
these dead shall not have died in vain
- that this nation, under God, shall
have a new birth of freedom - and that
government of the people, by the
people, for the people, shall not perish
from the earth.”
-Abraham Lincoln - November 19, 1863
Grant Versus Lee
In 1864 General Grant started a campaign
against General Robert E. Lee’s forces.
The first battle was fought in the Wilderness
near Fredericksburg, Virginia.
Grant ordered his troops to put Petersburg
under siege.
1865
General Robert E. Lee surrendered to
General Grant at Appomattox
Courthouse on April 9, 1865.
The terms of surrender guaranteed that
the United States would not prosecute
Confederate soldiers for treason.
Lincoln gave a speech in which he
explained his plan for restoring the
Southern states in the Union.
Surrender at Appomattox
April 9, 1865
Casualties on Both Sides
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars
Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)
On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth shot
and killed Abraham Lincoln at
Ford’s Theater.
The Civil War saved the Union and
strengthened the power of the federal
government over the states.
It changed American society by ending the
enslavement of African Americans.
The South’s society and economy were
devastated.
The Assassin
John Wilkes Booth
The Assassination
WANTED~~!!
The Petersen
House
Ford’s Theater