Transcript The Industrial Revolution

Technology Warm-Up
1.
2.
3.
How has technology changed our lives in the
21st century?
Explain how life would be different without
modern technology?
Would you be able to live without technology?
Why or why not? How?
The Industrial
Revolution
World History
Pre-Industrialization





Most people lived off the land
Life expectancy for the last 15,000 yrs was 35
In all this time we never developed a weapon
that would kill over a dozen people at a time
Never came up with a way to travel faster that
horseback
15,000 yrs most people did not own or use a
item made outside their community
Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution refers to the increased
output of machine made goods in the 18th
century


Everything before this point was made by hand from
weapons to clothing
Starts out in Britain and spreads to Europe and
North America
Why Britain?

Agriculture improves



Enclosure system allowed
landowners to experiment
with new crops and use
larger fields
Crop rotation helped to
improve quality of soil
Raising livestock becomes
more efficient
REMEMBER!
Growing
population
More Food
=
Why Britain?



Living conditions improve
Unsuccessful farmers move to city to find work
Demand for more goods fuels industrialization


Britain needed resources to fuel industrialization


Demand for cloth, tools, resources
Everything Britain needed could be found in the borders
(namely coal)
Economic stability and peace allowed Britain to flourish
as the capital of the Industrial Revolution
Inventions-All Textile based





Flying Shuttle
Spinning Jenny - H 0
power
Water Frame – H 0
power
Power loom – H 0 power
Steam powered water
pumps
2
2
2
Inventions



Hydro-powered mills
begin to rise and power
machinery
This leads to the creation
of factories in the cities
and along rivers to house
these new innovations
Steam Engine created by
James Watt allows for
innovation in
transportation and
factories
Importance of Coal




Coal was being used as a heat source in Britain
Coal was cheap there because it was close to the
surface there
When mines would flood, coal steam powered
water pump invented to pump out water
Pumps powered by coal kept coal cheap which
caused more desire for cheap coal
Growth of Cities

People earning more in
cities than on farms


Urbanization sweeps
through Britain


Population of cities on
the rise as a result
Rising population leads
London to be the largest
city in Europe
Cities developed around
factories and resources
Living Conditions




As population exploded, new
cities contained harsh
environments
Unsafe working conditions
made the average life span to
be 17 for a factory worker
Factories were unsafe due to
improper lighting, dangerous
machinery, and improper
maintenance
No government programs in
place to aid these workers
Industrialism Spreads


Unites States: Using smuggled blueprints, U.S. is able to
create its own textile industry. Rise of mills, railroads,
and other industries allowed country to prosper
Europe



Belgium: First country to follow Britain in industrialization
Germany: Used railroads to connect factories and resources
Other countries will also follow Britain in the series of
industrializing such as Russia, France, and Spain
Reforms



Working class becomes
involved in politics due
to hazardous work
environments: birth of
the union
Government at first
ignores needs of the
workers
Reforms come slowly
but surely for different
countries
Reforms




Parliament bans hiring children under 9. those between
9 and 12 can only work 8 hours a day.
Parliament also improve working conditions for women
and children in coal mines. United States will pass
similar laws to restrict child labor
Slave trade ends in Britain in 1807 and is abolished in
1833. Women would gain more rights in factories due
to unfair wages and working conditions.
Dreyfus Affair helps spread anti-Semitism
Benefits






Rise of innovation for the world
Creation of jobs
Increased wealth of nations
Creation of the middle class
Allowed hope to improve one’s life
Advances in technology and in science that can
been seen in modern society to this day
United States

Manifest Destiny
emerged



Used as excuse to expand
westward
More states join the
union
Civil War breaks out due
to issue of slavery
between North and
South
th
19





Century Progress
James Watt invents the steam
engine
Thomas Edison invents light
bulb and phonograph
Eli Whitney makes cotton
cultivation easier with cotton
gin
John Kay invents the flying
shuttle which increases textile
production ten-fold
Thomas Fulton creates
machines with
interchangeable parts
th
19




Century Progress
Henry Ford revolutionizes
the automotive industry with
assembly lines
Louis Pasteur discovers
bacteria which leads to
pasteurization
Charles Darwin comes up
with the Theory of Evolution
Sigmund Freud theorizes the
effects of the unconscious
mind