Transcript Chapter 9 Section 4

Chapter 9
Section 4
The Turning Point
Vicksburg Falls
Union had control of much of Mississippi
River after Battle of New Orleans & Battle
of Shiloh
Major confederate stronghold on
Mississippi River
Taking Vicksburg would cut Confederacy
in two
Grierson’s Raid
Vicksburg is located on east bank of
Mississippi River
Grant needed to get to Vicksburg- decided
to move his troops across the Mississippi
River to the west bank and march south
To distract the Confederates- Col.
Benjamin Grierson took 1,700 of the
Illinois Calvary on a raid through
Mississippi.
Grierson’s Raid
Went 600 miles in 2 weeks
Allowed Grant to move his troops south of
the city
The Siege of Vicksburg
Grant returned to east bank of river and
marched east into Mississippi
Grant’s troops foraged as they marched
Grant’s troops marched 180 miles in 17
days
Fought 5 battles
Inflicted 7,200 casualties
Confederates driven back to their
defenses at Vicksburg
The Siege of Vicksburg
Grant attacked Vicksburg twice
Defenders stopped both attacks & inflicted
high causalities
Grant put the city under siege
Lasted for 6 weeks
Confederate troops & city’s residents are
near-starvation
July 4, 1863 Confederates surrendered
Vicksburg
The Road to Gettysburg
Lincoln fires McClellan after Antietam
Replaced by Ambrose Burnside
Lincoln wanted a general not intimated by
Lee’s reputation
Fredericksburg &
Chancellorsville
Dec. 13, 1862- Burnside ordered a series
of attacks against Lee’s forces in the hills
south of Fredericksburg, VA
Union troops- 12,000 casualties
Twice as much as Confederates
Fredericksburg &
Chancellorsville
Lincoln replaced Burnside with Joseph
Hooker
Hooker plans to attack Lee; Lee realizes
plan and attacks Hooker in the dense
woods known as the wilderness
Outnumbered 2 to 1, Lee’s forces
repeatedly defeated the Union troops
Hooker retreated
The Battle of Gettysburg
Lee decides to invade North again
Marches into PA
Lincoln replaces Hooker with George
Meade
Meade heads north to intercept Lee
Lee’s forces encountered the Union
Cavalry as they headed toward the town of
Gettysburg
Main forces of both armies hurried to
The Battle of Gettysburg
July 2, 1863- Lee attacked- Union held
their ground
Lee ordered 15,000 men under the
command of general George E. Pickett
and A.P. Hill to undertake a massive
assault- Pickett’s Charge
7,000 casualties in less than half an hour
of fighting
The Battle of Gettysburg
Fewer than 5,000 Confederate troops
made it up the hill
Union troops overwhelmed them
Lee began retreat to VA
Trapped between swollen Potomac River
and Union troops
Meade’s army was also depleted and did
not attack the defenses put by the
retreating Confederates
The Battle of Gettysburg
Confederate forces lost approximately 28,000
killed or wounded
1/3 of Lee’s entire forces
23,000 Union casualties
Gettysburg proved to be the turning point of
the war
Ensured British would not recognize the
Confederacy & for rest of war Confederates
fought a defensive war, slowly giving up
ground
Chickamauga
Rosecrans-Union General
Bragg- Confederate General
Rosecrans forced Confederates out of
Chattanooga without a fight
Bragg- did not retreat far
Rosecrans advanced into GA, Bragg
attacked at the Chickamauga Creek
Rosecrans orders troops to Chattanooga
The Battle of Chattanooga
Chattanooga was a vital railroad junction
Lincoln sends part of Meade’s forces to
Chattanooga on a train
11 days later 20,000 men with artillery,
horses, and equipment arrive
Lincoln places Grant in overall command
Grant orders troops to attack Confederate
positions on Lookout Mountain
The Battle of Chattanooga
Confederate retreated to Missionary Ridge
Awaited a Union attack
Grant did not intend to storm Missionary
Ridge
Ordered William T. Sherman to attack
Confederate positions on the north end of
the ridge
The Battle of Chattanooga
Sherman failed to break through
Grant ordered 23,000 men to launch a
limited attack on Missionary Ridge as a
diversion
Forces overran the hill
Chattanooga was in Union control
Cleared way for an invasion of GA