Transcript Road to the Civil War

The Nation Breaks Apart:
Causes of the Civil War
The North and South
► The
North
► More Industrial
(Factories)
► Opposed
Slavery (but
were still prejudice)
► High
Rate of
Immigration
► The
South
► Plantations
► Supported
Slavery
Nat Turner and the Rebellion at
Southhampton County, Virginia
► Nat
Turner was a
popular African-American
religious leader that lead
a slave rebellion in
Virginia.
► His
group killed 55
whites.
► Even
though he was
hanged, it put fear in the
Southern whites.
The Controversy of Missouri
►
When Missouri requested to
become a state in 1819, they
were a slave territory.
►
The reason it could happen:
The constitution didn’t have
a law against it.
►
The problem it could cause:
11 states were pro-slavery,
11 states were anti-slavery.
If Missouri was allowed in
the Union it would upset the
balance.
Missouri Compromise
►
Henry Clay, speaker of the House,
proposed a solution to the Missouri
issue.
►
His proposal was known as the
Missouri Compromise.
►
The Missouri Compromise
proposed:
A) Missouri would be a slave state.
B) Maine would be a free state.
►
►
►
Congressed agreed to the proposal
in order to keep the balance even.
Slave State – Free State - Union
► Slave
state – a state
that allowed slavery.
► Free
state – a state
that did not allow
slavery.
► Union
– another name
used for the United
States.
How the North and South Differed
►
The North and South had different
economic systems. The North was
more industrial. The South was the
King of Cotton Plantations.
►
They were both competing for
western territories.
►
The North wanted to ban slavery.
►
The South wanted the North to
stay out of southern affairs.
►
The disagreement grew into
sectionalism.
►
Sectionalism – an exaggerated
loyalty to particular region of the
country.
A crushing blow to ending slavery
►
While some people supported slavery
others spoke out against it. These
people were called abolitionist.
►
Abolitionist – an anti-slavery activist.
►
The Southern slave owner wanted a
way to have runaway slaves returned
to them.
►
As a result, the Fugitive Slave Act was
passed.
►
Fugitive Slave Act – law that required
all citizens to help catch runaway
slaves.
Frederick Douglass
► Frederick
Douglass - A former
slave from Maryland that be
came an influential
Abolitionist.
Abolitionist and Literature
►
Harriet Beecher Stowe
wrote a story about the
evils of slavery called
Uncle Tom’s Cabin.
►
William Lloyd Garrison
printed an antislavery
newspaper called The
Liberator.
►
Proslavery writers
defended that slaves lived
better than factory
workers in the North.
Who said the following?
► The
bitterest tears
shed over graves are
for words left unsaid
and deeds left undone.
► Harriet
Beecher Stowe
The Compromise of 1850
►
The Compromise of 1850
was a passed proposal
that a state should decide
whether they would be a
free or slave state by using
a method called popular
sovereignty.
►
Popular sovereignty –
authority carried out by
the people at large.
The Underground Railroad
► The
Underground
Railroad was a vast
network of people who
helped fugitive slaves
escape to the North
and to Canada.
Harriet Tubman
► Harriet
Tubman - A former
slave that became one of
the most famous conductors
for the Underground
Railroad.
Another Compromise, More Problems
►
Congress passed the Kansas – Nebraska in 1854.
►
The Kansas – Nebraska Act – gave the states of Kansas and Nebraska
the decision to have slavery or not.
►
The bill was strongly favored by Northern Democrats. A move that
would come back to haunt them in the next election.
►
Just one year after the Kansas-Nebraska Act passed, a proslavery
legislature was elected in the state of Kansas.
The Conspiracy and the Fall Out.
► Only
1,500 voters lived in Kansas. More than
6,000 voters cast ballots in the election.
► Thousands
of proslavery supporters from Missouri
crossed the border just to vote in the election.
► These
Missourians traveled in armed groups and
became known as border ruffians.
► Border
ruffians were Missourians that traveled in
armed groups to vote in Kansas’s elections during
the mid-1850’s.
John Brown
► John
Brown - An
abolitionist that
believed God had
chosen him to end
slavery.
► Moved
to Kansas from
Ohio with his six sons.
Bleeding Kansas
►A
series of fights broke
out between pro and
anti-slavery supporters.
► In
Lawrence, Kansas,
the town was sacked
and burned by pro
slavery supporters.
Harpers Ferry
► John
Brown and six
others led an attack at
an U.S. arsenal at
Harpers Ferry, killing 5
slavery supporters.
Who was it?
► He
led the cadets at John
Brown’s hanging.
► Did
not support slavery.
► Was
originally offered the
command over the entire
Union army, but turned it
down.
► Robert
E. Lee
Violence in Congress
► The
violence in Kansas
spread into Congress.
Charles Sumner of
Massachusetts delivered a
speech entitled “The Crime
Against Kansas.” Sumner
lashed out at proslavery
senators repeatedly
attacking Sen. Andrew
Butler from South Carolina.
► Two
days later Preston
Brooks beat Sumner
unconscious.
The Rise of the Republicans
►
Angered over t he KansasNebraska Act, democrats
that were split with other
democrats, Whigs, and FreeSoilers to form the
Republican Party.
►
They were to determine to
rally as one man for the
establishment of liberty and
the overthrow of the Slave
Power.
►
This formation would later
come to haunt the South.
The Dred Scott Case
►
Dred Scott was a slave bought by an
army doctor in Missouri.
►
They moved to Illinois which was a
free state. The doctor dies.
►
His lawyers go to court saying he
disserved his freedom cause he lived
on free-soil and his owner died.
►
Eleven years later the Supreme Court
decided that he was still a slave.
The Republicans Use the Dred Scott
to their advantage.
►
Republican party said if they
were elected in the 1960
election that they would
change the Supreme Court.
►
They said they would appoint
new Supreme Court Justices
and reverse the decision.
►
This pleased Northern
Democrats.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
► Abraham
►
►
Lincoln
Republican
In favor for equal rights
for slaves.
► Stephen
►
►
A Douglas
Democrat
In favor of excluding
Slaves from equal rights
Lincoln becomes the Republican
Presidential Candidate.
► The
reason Lincoln
was choosen:
► Did
not like slavery.
► Did not say he was going
to end slavery.
Abraham Lincoln won the
presidential election of
1860.
Who said the following?
► Avoid
popularity if you
would have peace.
► Common
looking people are
the best in the world: that
is why there are so many
around.
► If
I were two-faced, would
I be wearing this one.
How the election affected the South
► Because
the Democratic party was split, the
republicans easily one the election of 1860.
► Lincoln
won the Northern states. Most Southern
states didn’t have him on the ballot.
► The
Southern states feared that with the
Republicans would change the South’s ability to
have slaves.
► South
Carolina was the first state to secede from
the Union.
The Emergence of Jefferson Davis
► Jefferson
Davis was chosen
to be the president of the
Confederate States of
America.
The Two Capitals
► The
Union
► Washington
D.C.
served as the capital
for the Union.
► The
Confederacy
► Richmond
served as
the capital for the
Confederacy.
The Effect of Border States
► Border
states – were
states between the
North and South that
were dived over whether
to stay in the Union or
join the Confederacy.
► The
decision of a border
state could effect the
strategy of either side.
The Effects of Secession
► West
Virginia became
a separate state after
48 counties broke
away from Virginia.
► Congress
admitted the
state into the Union in
1863.
The Strengths of the Union
►
a)
b)
c)
d)
The Strengths of the Union
Larger Population
Better Railroad System
Better Artillery
More Industry
Who said the following?
►
“You can fool some of the
people all the time, and
those are the ones you want
to concentrate on.”
►
“Most imports are from
outside of the country”
►
“I just want you to know
that, when we talk about
war, we're really talking
about peace.”
The Weaknesses of the Union
► The
North would have to invade the South,
especially in major hostile areas.
► The
North had a divided public opinion over
the war.
► Support
for war was “shaky”.
The Strengths of the Confederacy
►
a)
b)
c)
The Strengths of the Confederacy
Strong Support from its people
Knew the landscape
Military Leadership
The Weaknesses of the Confederacy
► Smaller
► Fewer
Population
Weapons
► Fewer
Railroads (delivery food and supplies could
be difficult)
► States
refused to give the government enough
power to fight the war effectively.
The Aims of Both Sides
► The
Union’s aim was to bring the Confederacy
back into the Union.
► The
Confederacy’s aim was to win recognition
as an independent country.
The Strategy of the North
► Use
their more superior navy to close of
Southern ports to prevent supplies from
reaching the South and prevent them from
making money through exporting cotton.
► Gain
control of the Mississippi River to cut
supply lines and split the Confederacy.
► Capture
Richmond, VA the capital of the
Confederacy.
The Strategy of the South
► Defend
its homeland, holding on to as much
territory as possible until the North tired and
agreed to recognizing their independence.
► Expected
assistance from England and France,
which imported large quantities of cotton.
► They
later would strategies their armies towards
Washington D.C. in hopes of persuading the North
that they could not win.
Americans Against Americans
► Lincoln
had three brother-in-laws that fought on
the side of the Confederacy.
► Kentucky
Senator had two sons that served as
generals…..one for the North and one for the
South.
► Confederates
Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee &
Union Generals George McClellan and William
Sherman attend the Military Academy at West
Point.
A Perspective of the War
 Union sergeant Driscoll led his troops up Malvern
Hill on July 1, 1862. The enemy fought fiercely,
especially on young Confederate soldier. Driscoll
raised his gun and shot the boy. As he passed by
where the boy had fallen, Driscoll turned the daring
soldier over to see what he looked like. The boy
opened his eyes and faintly murmured…..
 ”Father,” then his eyes fluttered shut, never to
open again. A Union captain later wrote, “I will
forever recollect the frantic grief of Driscoll; it was
harrowing to witness. He had killed his son who had
gone South before the war.”
► Test
will be on Tuesday, August 18th.
► Remember…get
on the test.
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