Transcript 9.2 PPT - Anti-Slavery Movement

Warm-Up
• Warm-Up: Harriet Tubman, an ex-salve, was
famous for helping over 300 people escape
slavery via the Underground Railroad. Many
people wanted her dead; at one point, the
price on her head was $40,000. If you knew
there was a huge price on your head, do you
think you would continue to risk your life to
help others, or would you simply try to
keep yourself safe? Explain your answer
Today’s Schedule – 11/10/09
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Move permission slips needed by TOMORROW
Warm-Up
9.2 PPT: The Antislavery Movement
Slavery Poster Discussion
HW: Read 9.3
Roots of Abolitionist Movement
• Emerged in the 1830s
– Stemmed from Second Great
Awakening
• American Anti-Slavery Society
founded in 1833
– Lectures
– Petition Drives
– Publications
Prominent People in the
Movements
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William Lloyd Garrison
Harriet Tubman
Frederick Douglass
Martin Delany
Harriet Beecher Stowe
William Lloyd Garrison
• Founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society
• He founded the abolitionist newspaper, the
Liberator, which he edited from 1831 to 1865
• He believed in the immediate emancipation of all
slaves and their assimilation into American society
as eventual equals,
– This position angered many Southern whites
• During the Civil War he advocated a peaceful
separation of the North and South
• After the Civil War focused his efforts on prohibition,
Native American and women’s rights
Harriet Tubman….“Moses”
“I had reasoned this out in my mind, there was one of two things I had a right to,
liberty or death; if I could not have one, I would have the other”
• Led 300 slaves to freedom on the Underground
Railroad between 1849 and 1860
• Discovered she was going to be sold
– Escaped to Philadelphia in 1849
• Became associated with the Philadelphia
Vigilance committee
– Met with people running the Underground Railroad
– Took people from Maryland to Canada
• Known for fearlessness: iron and shotgun
• High reputation: $40,000 reward for her capture
Harriet Tubman
• Once the Civil War began she was enlisted as a
nurse in the Union Army
– Helped recruit freed slaves
– Served also as spy
• Blew up bridges
– After the war, the U.S. denied her a military pension
because she had no formal position and because
she was a woman
• After the war moved to NY and campaigned for
women’s suffrage
Frederick Douglass
• Son of a slave and a white man (unknown to
him)
• Mother died at age 7
– Sent to Baltimore to work with a ship carpenter
• Learned to read and write there
• Sent back to the country to work for a brutal
owner: whipped daily and barely fed
– Vowed to escape
• Two years and one unsuccessful attempt later, he
escaped to NY
Frederick Douglass
• Eventually attended abolitionist meetings and
eventually met William Lloyd Garrison who was
so impressed with him offered him a three year
contract as a speaker for Garrison’s Liberator
• Published his autobiography in 1845
• Travelled to Europe speaking
• Split from Garrison in 1851
– Garrison = radical ; Douglass = pragmatic
Martin Delany
• Born a slave, eventually his family argued for
their freedom and won
– Claimed to be of royal African descent
– Father was a slave, mother was free
• Illegally educated by his mother
• Promoted a sanctuary for slaves in Africa
• First African American in an officer position in
the Union Army
• Attended Harvard Medical School briefly
– Left after several white students complained about
his presence
Harriet Beecher Stowe
• Became a celebrity after writing Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
– Urging white Northerners to accept escaped slaves
and treat them with respect
– “They come to seek a refuge among you; they
come to seek education, knowledge, Christianity.
What do you owe to these poor, unfortunates, O
Christians? Does not every American Christian owe
to the African race some effort at reparation for the
wrongs that the American nation has brought upon
them?”
Harriet Beecher Stowe
• One of the highest paid writers during her
time
• Met Abraham Lincoln in 1862 who
supposedly said:
– “So you are the little woman who wrote the book
that started this great war!”
Underground Railroad
• Began in late 1700s
• A vast network of people who helped fugitive
slaves escape to Canada and Mexico
• Largely supported by Quakers
• The homes and businesses where fugitives
would rest were called "stations" and "depots"
and were run by "stationmasters," those who
contributed money or goods were
"stockholders," and the "conductor" was
responsible for moving fugitives from one
station to the next.
Underground Railroad
Resistance to Abolitionism in the
North
• Abolitionism was viewed as a radical idea even
in the North before the Civil War
• Northern merchants worried it would hurt their
trade with the South
• Laborers thought their jobs would be taken
away by freed and escaped slaves
Resistance to Abolitionism in the
South
• Most white Southerners are outraged by the
abolitionist movement
• Speaking out against slavery became
dangerous in the South
– Gag rule in effect that prohibited antislavery
petitions from being read or acted upon by local
government
Images of Slavery