Chapter 20 Notes - Spokane Public Schools

Download Report

Transcript Chapter 20 Notes - Spokane Public Schools

Chapter 20 Notes
Fort Sumter

Had a very limited supply







Would only last a few weeks
Lincoln wanted to send provisions
The South saw it as aggression
On April 12, 1861 the Confederates attacked
34 hour bombardment – took no lives
The Garrison surrendered
This electrified the North

Before talked of departing in peace
The Border States




Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee and North
Carolina joined the seceded states.
Richmond Virginia became the Confederate
capital.
Leaves Indian Territory (Oklahoma) Missouri,
Kentucky, W. Virginia, Maryland and Delaware
as border states
Lincoln: “Hoped to have God on his side but had
to have Kentucky”


Ohio River
Tributaries: Cumberland and Tennessee
United States map of 1861, show affiliation
of states and territories regarding the Civil
War
Legend:
 Dark Maroon: States that
seceded before April 15,
1861
 Red: States that seceded
after April 15, 1861
 Yellow: Union states that
permitted slavery
 Blue: Union states that
forbade slavery
 Grey: Territories
unaffiliated
The South



Advantages
Talented officers
Fighting on own soil
Bred to fight


Disadvantages
Shortages of shoes,
uniforms, and blankets
Population 9 million


Including 3.5 million slaves
Many often went hungry
due to supply problems

Breakdown of
transportation system

Rail Roads
The North

Advantages
Economy



Huge farm AND sprawling
factory
¾ of the nation’s wealth
The sea

Established a blockade



Choked off supplies
Shattered Southern
morale
Manpower


22 million
Immigrants

Disadvantages
Less prepared army



“Clodhoppers”
“Shopkeepers”
No effective military
leaders

Trial and error
The Ifs




If the Border States had seceded
If uncertain states of the upper Mississippi
Valley had turned against the Union
If a wave of Northern defeatism had
demanded an armistice
If Britain and/or France had broken the
blockade
The South Might Have Won
King Cotton

British relied on American South for 75% of its
cotton supplies



Needed Food more



Such good crops years before left Britain with a
surplus
India and Egypt filled in the gap later
And getting that from the North
A good reason not to cross the blockade and risk a
war with the Union
The Blockade is a key reason why the
South was claiming only 12% of the
nations wealth in 1870
Europe




Britain
The Trent Affair
Making ships

Alabama

Laird rams
Best interest to help
south but own people
would not have it
Eventually have to bow to
the Northern requests


France
Ignores Southern pleas
Uses war as a chance to
take Mexico



Inserts Maximilian as
Emperor of Mexico
Was hoping they would
forget Monroe Doctrine
Napoleon III gives up

Maximillian before firing
squad
The North Economic Boom

Leaps in technology creates America’s first
Millionaire boys



Sewing machines




Putting profits before patriotism
“shoddy millionaires”
Fabricating uniforms and footwear
Goodbye tailored clothing hello sizes
Petroleum a.k.a. coal oil
Vast surpluses in grain