Transcript Battle of Bull Run (1 st Manassas)

Battle of Bull Run
st
(1
Manassas),
July, 1861
The Battle of the Ironclads,
March, 1862
The Monitor vs.the Merrimac
War in the East: 1861-1862
Emancipation in 1863
African-Americans in Civil War Battles
This
bas-relief by famed sculptor Augustus Saint-Gaudens stands today in
front of the Massachusetts Statehouse in Boston. It commemorates the allblack volunteer regiment, led by the white Boston patrician Robert Gould
Shaw, that suffered heavy casualties during the Union siege of Fort Wagner,
South Carolina, in 1863.
The Fabled 54th Massachusetts Infantry Regiment
The War in
the West,
1863:
Vicksburg
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
General Ulysses
S. Grant
Trained
at West
Point, Grant proved
to be a better
general than a
president. Oddly, he
hated the sight of
blood and recoiled
from rare beef.
General Robert
E. Lee
Lee,
a gentlemanly general in
an ungentlemanly business,
remarked when the Union troops
were bloodily repulsed at
Fredericksburg, “It is well that
war is so terrible, or we should
get too fond of it.”
Sherman’s
March
through
Georgia
to the
Sea, 1864
The Final Virginia Campaign:
1864-1865
McClellan as Mediator, 1865
This
1864 poster shows Presidents Lincoln and Davis trying to
tear the country in half, while former general George McClellan,
the candidate of the Democratic party, attempts to mediate.
A
Leg Amputation on the
Battlefields of Virginia
surgeon wearing a hat and a
sword amputates the leg of a
wounded soldier, while an
anesthetist (facing the camera)
holds a sponge dipped in
chloroform over the patient’s
nose. A surgical assistant ties a
tourniquet to stem the flow of
blood. Other soldiers, dressed in
Zouave uniforms modeled on
North African designs, which
were popular among some
Northern and Southern
regiments, watch closely, likely
aware of the dangers
accompanying such crude
surgery. An estimated 30 percent
of amputees died from
postoperative complications,
most often infections.
Deeply
committed to his
responsibilities as commander
in chief, President Lincoln
visited Union forces on the
battlefield several times during
the war. With him here at
Antietam are the detective
Allan Pinkerton (on the left),
who provided intelligence to
the Union army, and General
John McClernand, who often
accompanied the president on
his travels
Lincoln at Antietam (also known
as Sharpsburg), October 1862
Booth at the Sanitary Fair in Chicago, 1863
The
Chicago Sanitary Fair was the
first of many such fairs throughout
the nation to raise funds for soldier
relief efforts. Mainly organized by
women, the fair sold captured
Confederate flags, battle relics,
handicrafts like these potholders
(right), and donated items, including
President Lincoln’s original draft of
the Emancipation Proclamation
(which garnered $3,000 in auction).
When the fair closed, the Chicago
headquarters of the U.S. Sanitary
Commission had raised $100,000,
and its female managers had gained
organizational experience that many
would put to work in the postwar
movement for women’s rights.
Civil War Casualties
in Comparison to Other Wars
“The Better Angels of
our Nature”
A. Lincoln

March 1865, Lincoln, in his second inaugural address “malice
toward none.”

Phrase carried a promise of forgiveness of former slaveholders in the
South, but implied reliance on their benevolence to provide for the
welfare of their former slaves“

We are not enemies, but friends. . . The mystic chords of
memory will yet swell the course of the Union when again
we are touched by the better angels of our nature.”

Inaugural Address, 1861
The McLean family, who had moved from Manassas Junction after
two major battles destroyed their farm in northeastern Virginia, started
a new life in the quiet western Virginia town of Appomattox Court
House. They still could not escape the war. On April 9, 1865 . . .
Lee’s hungry men were allowed to return to their
homes and farms to face an uncertain future.
President Lincoln visited captured Richmond and was greeted as
an emancipator by former slaves (Freedmen) and free blacks alike.
There were refugees all over the
South,
black . . .and white
The South lay
in ruins
to its few factories,
and its churches and public buildings.
In Washington, D.C. people
were thankful that the war
was over and hopeful for
Reconstruction.
However, on Good Friday evening,
1865, at Ford’s Theater . . . while
watching the play, Our American
Cousin, President Abraham Lincoln was
assassinated
John Wilkes Booth,
Lincoln’s assassin,
was killed resisting
arrest in northern
Virginia.
His co-conspirators,
such as this man
Lewis Powell, who
had attacked
Secretary of State
Seward, were
rounded up and
brought to trial.
In May of 1865 the
Union Army came to
Washington, D.C. for a
grand review before
returning home.
Washington, D.C. - Execution of four conspirators in Lincoln's
assassination – Lewis T. Powell, Mary E. Suratt, David E. Herold and
George A. Atzerodt.
Original photo by Alexander Gardner.
Historical photo: Library of Congress
“The First Vote”
Harper’s Weekly
November 16, 1867
“Franchise, And Not This Man?”
Harper’s Weekly.
August 5, 1865, p. 489
Under Congressional
Reconstruction the Freedmen
were given the right to vote in
the South.
Military Reconstruction, 1867 (five districts
and commanding generals)
For
many white Southerners, military Reconstruction amounted to turning
the knife in the wound of defeat. An often-repeated story of later years had a
Southerner remark, “I was sixteen years old before I discovered that
damnyankee was two words.”
However, some southerners had
other ideas for the Freedmen.
Harper’s Weekly
1874
The Ku Klux
Klan,
Tennessee, 1868
This
night-riding
terrorist has even
masked the identity
of his horse.
After Reconstruction ended in 1877,
many whites sought a return to preCivil War social structures.
Under the Jim Crow system Freedmen
lost many rights, such as suffrage, and
they were forced into low-paying jobs,
such as tenant farming and
sharecropping. In effect they were
treated as second-class citizens. . .
This discrimination and
segregation continued into the
1950’s and 1960’s. The Civil
Rights Movement resumed the
quest for freedom and equality
begun during Reconstruction.
Rosa Parks’ civil
disobedience triggered the
Montgomery, AL, bus
boycott.
Who generated the ideology of Civil
Disobedience?