Transcript AHON_ch11_S4

Chapter
11 Section 4
Objectives
• Identify the problems faced by Americans
moving westward.
• Describe the impact of the building of the Erie
Canal.
• Discuss the debate over slavery and the Missouri
Compromise.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
Terms and People
• Daniel Boone – a famous early pioneer who
helped clear the Wilderness Road
• turnpike – a toll road
• corduroy road – a road made of sawed-off logs
laid side by side
• canal – a channel that is dug across land and
filled with water
• Henry Clay – a senator who persuaded
Congress to adopt the Missouri Compromise
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
How did Americans move west, and
how did this intensify the debate
over slavery?
New roads, turnpikes, and canals enabled
northerners and southerners to move west.
Westward expansion threatened to upset
the balance between free and slave states
and moved the nation closer to civil war.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
During colonial
times, the
backcountry
between the
Atlantic Coast
and the
Appalachian
Mountains was
considered the
western frontier.
The Challenges of Growth
By the 1750s, the
Scotch-Irish and
the Germans of
Pennsylvania had
begun to settle the
backcountry.
Chapter
11 Section 4
In 1775, Daniel
Boone and others
cleared the Wilderness
Road, a new route to
the West.
The road crossed the
Appalachian Mountains
through the
Cumberland Gap into
Kentucky.
The Wilderness Road became the main route
across the Appalachians.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
By the early 1800s,
western populations
swelled as
immigrants moved
west.
From 1792 to 1819,
eight states joined the
Union.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
Traveling west was not easy, because settlers
used paths worn by animals as their roads.
These roads were unpaved, dotted with tree
stumps, and easily washed out by rain.
Some capitalists decided to build better
roads so commerce could flow more easily.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
Private companies began to build turnpikes.
Travelers on these roads had to
pay a toll in order to pass.
¢
¢
¢
In marshy areas, wagons traveled on corduroy
roads, which were hazardous to horses.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
In 1795, a private company in Pennsylvania built a
turnpike between Lancaster and Philadelphia.
The
Lancaster
Turnpike
was the
first longdistance
stone road
in the
United
States.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
Traveling by road was slow, however, and people began
to think about building canals so they could ship goods
by water.
Work on the Erie
Canal, which
would connect
the Hudson River
and Lake Erie,
began in 1817.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
Because the land in upstate New York is not level, locks
were built to raise or lower boats in the canal.
The workers that built the canal were mostly Irish
immigrants.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
The Erie Canal was very successful.
• Within two years of its opening in 1825,
the Erie Canal had paid for itself.
• It sparked a surge of canal building.
• Because it was at the end of the canal,
New York soon became the richest city in
the United States.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
Westward expansion
strengthened the
United States, but it
also caused
disagreements over the
extension of slavery.
In 1819, the United
States consisted of 11
“free states,” which
prohibited slavery, and 11
“slave states,” which
permitted slavery.
The Challenges of Growth
Free States
Slave States
Chapter
11 Section 4
However, Missouri had been
seeking admission to the United
States as a slave state since 1817.
Northerners did not want to add a
slave state to the United States.
It was important to maintain a balance
between representation of slave states and
free states in the Senate.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
A solution to the problem
presented itself when
Maine, a state that
prohibited slavery, applied
for admission to the Union.
In 1820, Senator Henry Clay persuaded
Congress to adopt the Missouri
Compromise.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
For the North
For the South
• Maine was
admitted as a free
state.
• Missouri was
admitted as a slave
state.
• The Louisiana
Territory north of
the southern
Missouri border
would be free.
• Southern slave
owners could
pursue escaped
slaves into free
states.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
The compromise preserved the balance of
power between slave and free states.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
The Missouri Compromise revealed how
much sectional rivalries divided the Union.
Southerners
were
unhappy that
Congress was
making laws
about
slavery.
Northerners
were angry
that Congress
had allowed
slavery to
expand into
another state.
In time, the issue of slavery would split the United
States.
The Challenges of Growth
Chapter
11 Section 4
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