Transcript The Civil War

The Civil War
A Mr. V Presentation
I. The Beginning
• Lincoln is elected in 1860. South Carolina
secedes from the Union.
• Georgia, Virginia, N. Carolina, Alabama,
Mississippi, Texas, LA, TN, Arkansas, & Florida
follow.
• By firing at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861, the
South began the Civil War.
• Union = North (no slaves). Confederate = South
(slaves).
• Slave states that stayed in Union = Maryland,
Delaware, Kentucky, & Missouri
Map
Union Advantages
1. More people
2. More raw materials (for guns,
uniforms, etc.)
3. More money (banks)
4. More railroad tracks (to ship
goods)
5. Larger navy
Union Disadvantages
1.
In order to bring the Southern states back into
the Union it would have to invade and hold the
South.
2.
Many people believed the South had a good
chance of winning.
Merrimack
B. Confederate Resources
1.
2.
3.
4.
Home court advantage
Smaller supply lines
Military tradition
Better (at first) generals and
soldiers
5. King Cotton diplomacy (get Europe
on their side)
Confederate Disadvantages
1.
a smaller population
2.
few factories
3.
fewer resources, including an inferior railroad
system with fewer than half the miles of track
and fewer trains than the North
4.
belief in states’ right that limited a strong
central government’s power
Presidents: Union
• Abraham Lincoln
(Republican)
• Declared Martial
Law (writ of
habeas corpus)
• Patient leader
President: Confederacy
• Jefferson Davis
• Thought himself a
military strategist
• Difficult to govern
the Confederacy
• Why?
Generals: Union
• U.S. Grant
• William T. Sherman
Generals: Confederate
1. Robert E. Lee
2. Extremely smart
southern general
3. Placed greater
loyalty in his home
state (Virginia) than
the federal gov’t.
Thus he fought for
the south
Early Years of the War
Section 2
Introduction
• Both sides planned to capture the
other nation’s capital
• Union capital = Washington D.C.
• Confederate = Richmond (Virginia)
1st Bull Run Battle (CS Victory)
• Union expected Confederate to retreat
quickly. People actually brought picnic
lunches.
• General Jackson (CS) helped to defeat the
Union, which fled to Washington DC
• Ended Union hope of a quick defeat of the
South.
• Lincoln appoint Gen. George McClellan in
charge of the army.
Major Battles
• Shiloh (Union Victory)
– Ulysses Grant (US)
– 13,000 Union died, 11,000 Confederate
• Antietam (US sort of)
– General Lee (CS) & General McClellan (US)
– Bloodiest day of Civil War: 5,000 Killed +
18,000 wounded
– Lee forced to retreat
• Fredericksburg (CS victory)
– US lost twice as many men as CS
Shiloh
Antietam
Fredericksburg
Union Blockade
• Blockade = block ships from landing
• Within 1 ½ year, US blocked most CS
ports
• CS captured ironclad warship
Merrimack and used it to sink some
US ships.
• Still, US was very effective at
blocking ports.
CS seeks foreign support
• King Cotton Diplomacy = bribe
France & England with Cotton.
Wanted them to recognize the CS.
• England didn’t want to risk war with
US, so it didn’t recognize the CS
• France followed England’s lead
Emancipation
Part 3
Slave issue: Lincoln’s
concerns
1. Lincoln, while against slavery, didn’t
want to anger slave states still in the
Union.
2. Lincoln believe in gradual
“emancipation” (freeing of slaves) – w/
compensation to slave holders.
3. Lincoln was concerned about prejudice
(racism) and favored shipping freed
slaves out of the US (back to Africa).
Emancipation Proclamation
• Lincoln finally gave in to public
pressure.
• After waiting for a US victory
(Antietam), Lincoln declared that all
slaves in Confederate states would
be freed (Jan. 1, 1863).
• When slaves heard this, many fled
their masters in the South.
Black Role in the War
• Eventually, 200,00o blacks served in
the Union army.
• They were paid less, often used as
guards or chores around camp
(rarely fought)
• Most well known = 54th
Massachusetts
13th Amendment
Section 1: Neither slavery nor
involuntary servitude, except as
punishment for crime whereof the
party shall have been duly
convicted, shall exist within the
United States, or any place subject
to their jurisdiction.
Life During War
Part 4
Production & Finance
South:
– Hard to get industrialized goods (uniforms &
guns) b/c of Union blockade.
– Cut back production of cotton to plant food
– Not good at borrowing money from other
countries. Sold gov’t bonds – but these were
worth nothing at end of war
– Printed money – no gold to back it up, thus
worthless
– Had problems w/ inflation
Production & Finance
North
– Had many factories, easy to produce
goods
– Crops planted w/ machines (instead of
slaves), plenty of food
– Issued “green backs” as money, also
had problems w/ inflation
Serving during the War
• Confederacy passed a draft where all
men b/w 18 & 35 had to fight.
However, rich men could “hire”
soldiers in their place. Large slave
holders were excused too. This
angered many men.
• Union passed a similar bill. Men
were drafted.
General Life
•
•
•
•
Food = Hardtack (dry, hard biscuit).
Union uniform = Blue; CS = gray
Singing was popular
Life was hard – especially for CS;
often hungry