Transcript Introduction to Website Development PowerPoint

INTRODUCTION TO
WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT
Key Terminology & Concepts
CLIENT SIDE APPLICATIONS
HTML, JavaScript, Java Applets, and other
technologies can be executed on the client
side because it is viewed by your browser on
your computer.
For more information on Client Side vs. Server Side Applications, read
http://www.developer.com/tech/article.php/923111
CLIENT-SIDE
Applications on the World Wide Web that run on
the user’s server or computer and are executed by
the browser installed on the user’s computer.
Example: JavaScript scripts are client-side because
they are executed by the client’s browser.
JAVASCRIPT
A scripting language used to design interactive
Web sites.
JavaScript allows developers to create interactive objects such
as pop-up boxes, mouse-over buttons, image maps, animation,
and drop-down menus that display on the client-side.
JAVA
A high-level programming language used to create
applications for Web sites.
Java applets are programs that are embedded in other
applications, typically in a Web page displayed in a Web browser
on the client-side.
AJAX
ASYNCHRONOUS JAVASCRIPT AND XML
A grouping of technologies used to create dynamic
and interactive web content that loads and updates
at a faster rate of speed.
Technologies combined together include the following:
HTML or XHTML, Cascading Style Sheets, JavaScript, the
Document Object Model, XML, XSLT, and the
XMLHttpRequest object.
The technologies used together allow web pages to be
updated without loading the entire browser page.
SERVER SIDE APPLICATIONS
Web-based application that runs on the Web or
host server.
ASP, PHP, and other technologies can be
manipulated by the server side before
sending the web page to the client.
ASP
APPLICATION SERVICE PROVIDER
A third-party entity that manages and distributes
software-based services and solutions to customers
across a wide area network from a central data
center.
CSS
CASCADING STYLE SHEETS
Cascading style sheets are used to format the
layout of Web pages. They can be used to define
web page elements such as text styles and tables.
CSS makes it easy to change styles across several pages at once.
For example, a Web developer may want to increase the default
text size from 10pt to 12pt for fifty pages of a Web site. If the
pages all reference the same style sheet, the text size only
needs to be changed on the style sheet and all the pages will
show the larger text.
CGI
COMMON GATEWAY INTERFACE
A specification for transferring information
between a World Wide Web server and any
program on the client’s computer designed to
accept and return data.
DATABASE
A collection of information organized in to records
of information so a computer program can quickly
access and select desired pieces of data.
J-QUERY
A free and open source JavaScript library that is
used by Web developers to navigate HTML
documents, handle events, perform animations
and add Ajax interactions to Web pages.
OPEN SOURCE
A program in which the source code is available to
the general public for use and/or modification
from its original design free of charge.
WEB DEVELOPMENT LANGUAGES
ENCODING
Preparing data for storage and transmission by
reducing redundancies and complexity.
To learn more about Web encoding, visit
http://www.phpwact.org/php/i18n/charsets
HTML
HYPERTEXT MARK-UP LANGUAGE
The authoring language used to create documents
on the World Wide Web
A set of tags that are used to mark up plain text so that a
browser application knows how to display the text.
SGML
STANDARD GENERALIZED MARK-UP
LANGUAGE
The Web development language that establishes a
standard for defining mark-up languages. HTML is a
type of SGML.
SQUL
STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE
A standardized query language for requesting
information from a database
PHP
HYPERTEXT PREPROCESSOR
A widely used, general-purpose scripting language
embedded into the HTML source document and
used to produce dynamic web pages.
PHP is the most popular language to create web sites. PHP is an
interpreted language and is executed on server side contrary to
scripts executed on client side (a Javascript or a Java applet
executes on your computer)
XML
EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE
A common web development language created by
W3C. A pared-down version of SGML designed
especially for Web documents.
For more information, visit http://www.w3.org/Consortium/
XHTML
EXTENSIBLE HYPERTEXT MARKUP
LANGUAGE
A hybrid between HTML and XML specifically
designed for Net device displays. XHTML is a
markup language written in XML and is a stricter
and cleaner version of HTML.
ORGANIZATIONS
ISO
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR
STANDARDIZATION
Sets international standards for computer
languages so computers can communicate worldwide.
Used for multiple international business and computer
standards to ensure a standard of quality and the ability to
communicate.
W3C
WORLD WIDE WEB CONSORTIUM
An international consortium of organizations who
work together to set standards for the Internet and
the Web. The W3C was founded in 1994 by Tim
Berners-Lee.
For more information, visit http://www.w3.org/Consortium/
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS REVIEW
HOW DOES CSS SAVE WEB SITE
DEVELOPERS TIME?
Cascading Style Sheets save developers time by allowing
Web site developers the ability to assign styles such as font
size, font color, font style, line colors, table appearances, and
headings to a single style sheet. That style sheet is then
attached to all pages in the Web site.
To update the styles of the entire site the Web developer
only has to update the single style sheet and all pages are
then updated.
WHY IS AJAX AN IMPORTANT TOOL IN WEB
SITE DEVELOPMENT?
Ajax allows Web site developers to combine multiple
Web design tools such as JavaScript and XML to
improved client side usability and faster application
loading time for end users and businesses.
Ajax allows asynchronous retrieval of data from the server
without disturbing the display or behavior of the web
pages that are in use
Article on the benefits of AJAX:
http://massivetechshow.com/resources/ajax.asp
HOW ARE HTML, SGML, XHTML, AND
XML USED IN WEB SITE
DEVELOPMENT?
HTML, SGML, XHTML, & XML are all markup languages
used to develop documents for the Web.
WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN JAVA AND JAVASCRIPT?
Java is an object oriented program language used on
server side applications for the web. Java can stand on its
own and is more complex than JavaScript. Java must be
compiled before it can display properly on the web.
JavaScript is an object oriented program language used to
create interactivity on the client side of the web.
JavaScript must be placed inside an HTML document to
function and is displayed by the browser.
HOW DO ASP, PHP, AND SQL
RELATE TO DATABASE?
The Active Server Page is a located on the server and connected
to the database on the server. When the client requests
information from the database, the ASP generates HTML code to
the client’s browser.
Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) is placed inside HTML code. When
a client requests information from the database, a web page is
generated with the information.
Structured Query Language is used creating, updating, and
reading databases. SQL joins are used to query data from two or
more tables, based on a relationship between certain columns in
these tables.
WHY DO WEB SITE DEVELOPERS CHOOSE
TO USE OPEN SOURCE PROGRAMS?
•Open
source programs
•save money because they are free
•allow for security testing
•allow you to edit the programs to fit your needs