Transcript Civil War - reneeASD10th

The Civil War
New President

Abraham Lincoln is
elected 16th
President of the
United States in
1860. During the
election, he had
spoken out strongly
against the spread
of slavery and
hoped that one day
it would end.
Election Promises

To help get Lincoln
elected, the Republicans
promised free land in the
West as part of their
campaign in 1860. Two
acts helped them do this
– the Homestead Act and
the Morrill Land Grant
Act
Homestead Act

Passed in 1862
 Law that gave
settlers 160 acres of
public land in the
west if they would
live on it for 5
years.
 Do you think you
could do that?
Let’s see.
Morrill Land Grant
Act

Passed in 1862
 Law that gave public
land to states to set up
public colleges with
programs in
agriculture, industry
(A&M) and military
tactics.
 Auburn University
began as one of these
colleges. Let’s see
what other schools
benefited.
Remain United
Lincoln hoped to
prevent a war. “We
are not enemies, but
friends,” Lincoln
told Southerners
after taking the oath
of office. “We
must not be
enemies.” But time
was running out.
South Carolina secedes

Shortly after the election of Lincoln, South
Carolina declared “the United States of America
is hereby dissolved” and seceded (separated)
from the Union. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama,
Georgia, Louisiana and Texas soon followed.
Meeting in Montgomery
In 1861, the seven
seceded states met in
Montgomery, AL to
discuss what to do
next.
A New Country
Formed

Together these
seven states formed
a new country.
They called the
new country the
Confederate States
of America. They
elected Jefferson
Davis as President
and named
Montgomery AL as
the first capital.
Fort Sumter

President Lincoln
received word that
supplies were running
out at Fort Sumter,
located on an island
off the coast of South
Carolina. If supplies
did not come soon,
they would have to
surrender the fort to
the Confederacy.
A Difficult Decision

Lincoln had to
make an important
decision. He
decided not to
abandon the fort
and not to reinforce
it, he only sent
supplies to the fort.
Then he waited to
see what would
happen.
Jefferson’s
Response

Now Jefferson Davis
had to make a
decision. He decided
to attack the fort
before the supply
ships arrived. On
April 12, 1861,
Confederates fired on
Fort Sumter.
The Battle of Fort Sumter
The Battle of Fort Sumter was the first battle of the
American Civil War and signaled the start of the
war. Read the following story about the battle and
answer the questions. Imagine you are a teenager in
South Carolina at the time. How would you feel
about the war? What would you want to see
happen?
The Outcome
 These
were
the first shots
- the Civil
War had
begun.
North vs
South
Union
Confederate
Union

Flag
Flag
Soldier
Confederate
Soldier
Confederate
States
How much do you
know about the civil
war? Let’s take a
pre-test to see!!
Answer these
questions on your
paper. We’ll review
it together!
A Nation Divided

After Fort Sumter
the states of
Arkansas,
Tennessee, North
Carolina and
Virginia seceded
from the Union.
Richmond

After Virginia
joined the
Confederacy, the
capital of the
Confederate States
of America was
moved from
Montgomery, AL
to Richmond, VA
Opposition to Secession

Not all states and
not all parts of the
states agreed with
secession.
Winston
County
 Alabama
seceded
from the Union,
but Winston
County wanted to
remain neutral
and seceded from
Alabama.
The Free State of Winston
This county’s representatives in 1862
opposed secession voted to remain
neutral and were labeled as “torries”.
When Alabama seceded from the Union
in the 1860s to create the Confederate
States of America, before the Civil
War, Winston County seceded from
Alabama, making plain that it opposed
the rest of Alabama's position in the
war. To celebrate its strength during
the war, it is now called The Free State
of Winston.
_____1. Based on the reading, why were the people of
Winston County called “Torries”?
a.
Because they did not secede
b.
Because they supported England
c.
Because they supported the Indians
_____2. Why is Winston County called the “Free State
of Winston”?
a.
Because it is not part of Alabama now
b.
To celebrate its strength during the Civil War
c.
Because it supported slavery
_____3. Winston County supported slavery.
a.
True
b.
False
_____4. Winston County agreed with rest of Alabama
during the Civil War.
a.
True
b.
False
_____5. Which list most closely describes Winston
County.
a.
Free state, torries, strong
b.
Slave state, torries, weak
c.
Free state, Alabama, weak
West Virginia
 Virginia
seceded
from the Union, but
the entire western
half of the state did
not agree. The state
of West Virginia
was formed and
admitted to the
Union in 1863.
Border States
The
Border States
were Kentucky,
Maryland, Missouri
and Delaware. They
were located on the
border between the
Union states and the
Confederate states.
They had soldiers
fighting for both sides!
The Anaconda Plan
General Winfield Scott developed a plan for
defeating the Confederacy called the
Anaconda Plan - the goal was to slowly
squeeze them into surrender.
 Capture Richmond and force surrender
 Remove Confederates from border states
 Control of the Mississippi River to Stop the
transport of:
–
–
–
–
–
–

Soldiers
Weapons
Ammunition
Clothes
Food
other supplies needed
Blockade southern ports to stop
– cotton shipments
– supplies from foreign nations
The Anaconda Plan
Who developed the Anaconda Plan?
_____________________________________________
1.
_____2. What did he want to do Confederates in the border
states?
a.
Leave them there
b.
Remove them
c.
Put them in jail
_____3. What city did they want to capture?
a.
Montgomery
b.
Saratoga
c.
Richmond
_____4. What does not relate to the blockade part of the
plan?
a.
Cotton shipments
b.
Supplies from local merchants
c.
Supplies from foreign nations
_____5. Who developed the Anaconda Plan?
a.
The North
b.
The South
_____6. Why was it called the Anaconda Plan?
a.
The goal was to slowly squeeze the life out of the
south – like an anaconda squeezes its prey
b.
Because they were going to put snakes all around
the edge of the states to protect them
c.
Because they thought of the South like snakes and
they wanted to trap them all
_____7. What river did they want to control?
a.
The Black Warrior River
b.
The Mississippi River
c.
The Blockade River
_____8. What is NOT part of the Anaconda Plan?
a.
Capture Richmond
b.
Remove Yankees
c.
Blockade Southern Ports
_____9. Which best describes the Anaconda Plan?
a.
Winfield Scott, southern plan, support Richmond
b.
Winfield Scott, northern plan, capture Richmond
c.
Winfield Scott, northern plan, support Richmond
_____10. The Mississippi River was important for
transporting supplies in the South.
A. True
B. False
21,1861
Bull Run
 First major land
Battle of Manassas
battle of the Civil
War at Bull Run
Creek, VA
 General Stonewall
Jackson led the
Confederacy to
win the battle.
 The North had 387
soldiers killed
while the South Picture Credit: http://www.multied.com/civilwar/Bull.gif
lost 460.
 July

The Battle of the Ironclads
The Monitor vs The Merrimack

March 9, 1862
 The battle took place
in Hampton Roads,
VA.
 The South had built a
ship with iron plates
called the Merrimack.
 The North challenged
the Confederate ship
with an iron ship
called the Monitor.
Picture Credit: http://www.mandia.com/kelly/webpage/99_student_pages/merrimack_monitor/battle.jpg
The Ironclads

The two iron ships
fought for 5 hours
and even collided 5
times. Neither side
won but the use of
iron ships changed
naval warfare
forever.
Picture Credit: http://www.mandia.com/kelly/webpage/99_student_pages/merrimack_monitor/battle.jpg

April 6, 1862
 General Ulysses S.
Grant gathered the
Union troops at a
Tennessee church
named Shiloh.
 Although he was not
prepared when the
South attacked he
managed to reorganize
his troops and on April
7, 1862 the south
retreated.
Shiloh
Antietam
(Sharpsburg, Maryland)

September 17, 1862
 The battle took place near Antietam Creek in Sharpsburg,
MD






The first major battle to take place in the North.
The battle is known as the single bloodiest day in the Civil
War.
Robert E. Lee led the Confederate army.
George McClellan led the Union army.
More than 26,000 men were killed.
The South retreated the next day.
Dissent (Disagree)

Not everyone agreed with the war.
 Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus in
several states.
 This meant you could be put in jail without going
to court to be told why.
 People who supported the south or who did not
support the war could be put in jail.
 More than 13,000 people were arrested including
some Copperheads – Northern Democrats who
wanted peace with the South.
More Troops

As the war continued,
less people
volunteered to fight.
 Both sides began
conscription –
mandatory military
service.
 The draft forced
people to serve in the
military.
Draft Riots

Not everyone who was
drafted actually fought.
 You could pay $300 not to
serve
 You could hire someone
to serve in your place
 Poor whites and
immigrants who could not
afford to pay their way out
of the draft started riots to
protest the draft.

The North had lost several battles and Abraham
Lincoln was worried people would stop
supporting the war.
 He issued the Emancipation Proclamation
effective January 1, 1863
 It freed the slaves only in states that had seceded
from the Union.
 It did not free slaves in border states.
 It gave the war a moral cause and helped make
sure people would still support the war.
African American Soldiers

After the Emancipation Proclamation, many
African Americans joined the Union army.
 They made up about 10% of the Union
army.
 Most were former slaves.
 They were soldiers, but still faced
discrimination (separate regiments with
white commanders, earned less pay and
often did labor duty).
 Usually if captured, African American
soldiers were shot or returned to slavery.
What do you remember?
Before we began this
section, we had a pre-test.
How much do you
remember? Let’s see!!
Answer the following
questions on your paper.
The War and The Economy
Southern Shortages
 The south faced a shortage
of food
 The men were fighting,
soldiers were on the farm
land and slaves were not
there to work
 Families had little money to
pay for food when they
could find it.
Northern Growth
 The north had a growth in
industry to supply things to
the army
 The draft took many
workers so people bought
machines to help them work
 Women, immigrants and
freed slaves worked in place
of the men who were
fighting the war.
The War and Prisons
Conditions in army camps were bad – trash,
food scraps, dirty clothes, no baths
 Conditions in prisons were worse – men
were crowded in fields with no shelter and
little food. They drank from the same water
that they used as a bathroom.
 The worst Confederate camp was
Andersonville, Georgia.

Women and The War

Clara Barton was a
Northern woman who
cared for Union soldiers
as a nurse on the front
lines.
 She was described as
“the angel of the
battlefield”

Sally Tompkins
was the only
woman given the
title Captain of the
Confederate army
 She ran one of the
South’s most
successful hospitals
The Battle of Gettysburg, PA

Picture
Credit: www.pennhomes.com/loc.htm
The battle of Gettysburg,
PA took place on July13, 1863.
 The Southern soldiers
came there looking for
shoes.
 The Northern soldiers
had arrived a day earlier.
 When they met it
became the turning point
in the war.
Gettysburg

After 3 days of
fighting, more men
had died during this
battle than any
other.
 The South retreated
on the 3rd day of
battle.
Vicksburg

May-July 1863 in Vicksburg, MS
 Grant led the Union army as they defeated
the Confederate army.
 This gave the Union control of the
Mississippi River.
Gettysburg Address

November 1863
 Abraham Lincoln went to Gettysburg to
dedicate part of the battlefield as a cemetery
for soldiers who died there.
 He spoke for 3 minutes.
 He wanted to honor the dead for giving
their lives for the Union and he wanted to
remind the living that the war must go on to
honor those who had died.
The Gettysburg Address
“Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new
nation, conceived in liberty and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created
equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battlefield of that
war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting-place for those
who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper
that we should do this.
But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate – we can consecrate – we can not hallow –
this ground. The brave men, living and dead who struggled here, have consecrated it,
far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long
remember, what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the
living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here
have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task
remaining before us – that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that
cause for which the gave the last full measure of devotion – that we here highly resolve
that these dead shall not have died in vain – that this nation, under God, shall have a
new birth of freedom – and that government of the people, by the people, for the
people, shall not perish from the earth. Abraham Lincoln November 19, 1863
Gettysburg Address Q&A
_____1. What is the Civil War testing?
a.
The ability of the soldiers to fight
b.
If a nation conceived in liberty can endure
c.
President Lincoln’s ability to rule against President Davis
_____2. Why can’t the ground be dedicated?
a.
The men who died there have consecrated it
b.
It does not belong to them
c.
It still has dead soldiers on it
_____6. What does not describe the government and freedom he
wants for America?
a.
By the people
b.
For the people
c.
Against the people
_____7. What battlefield are they dedicating?
a.
Gettysburg
b.
Franklin
c.
Lincoln
____3. Why is it ironic that he says “the world will not remember
what is said here”?
a.
Because people forget things easily
b.
Because people remember every Presidential speech
c.
Because people still talk about this speech
_____8. How many years is “fourscore and seven?
a.
407
b.
47
c.
11
_____4. Who gave this speech?
a.
The governor of South Carolina
b.
President Jefferson Davis
c.
President Abraham Lincoln
_____9. What does the word consecrate mean?
a.
Set aside in memory of
b.
Burn to forget
c.
Leave behind to forget
_____5. What is it that he wants people to remember?
a.
That they died for freedom
b.
That so many of them died
c.
That they died for no reason
_____10. What can Americans never forget?
a.
What the men did at this field
b.
How many men died at this field
c.
What was said at this field
Sherman’s March to the Sea

William Tecumseh Sherman was a
U
Union commander.
 He believed in total war – fighting the soldiers,
the government and the civilians.
 Sherman led his troops south through Georgia.
 He burned, trampled, killed, stole and destroyed
everything in his path from Atlanta to Savannah
ending at the Atlantic Ocean.
 Then he went through the Carolinas as the war
came to an end.
Election of 1864

In 1864, Lincoln faced George McClellan
(former leader of the Union army)
 With the defeat of the Confederate army in
Alabama and Atlanta, Lincoln was able to
win the election and his second term as
President.
Appomattox Court House

April 9, 1865 Robert
E. Lee surrenders to
Ulysses S. Grant at
Appomattox Court
House in Virginia.
 After 4 long years,
the Civil War was
over but much had
changed.
Picture
Credit:
http://www.26nc.org/PhotoGallery/CommandChangePhotos/McLeanHouseMusic.jpg
Civil War Timeline
On your time line cover 1861-1865
For EACH year include
 One important fact
 One important person
 One picture
Make sure you have a title for your timeline and don’t
forget to add your name!!
Some resources to use:
Your book and notes
http://www.proteacher.com/redirect.php?goto=1304
http://www.ducksters.com/history/civilwartimeline.php
Death of Lincoln

5 days after the surrender at Appomattox, Lincoln
and his wife went to Ford’s Theatre in Washington
to see a play.
 As the play ended, John Wilkes Booth – a 26 year
old actor and southern supporter – shot Lincoln in
the back of his head. Lincoln died the next
morning. It was the first time a US president had
been assassinated.
Booth is
Captured

Booth escaped but was trapped by Union
officers 12 days later in a tobacco shed.
 After attempts at arrest, Booth refused to
surrender.
 He was finally shot and dragged outside.
Lincoln’s Funeral

Lincoln was buried in his hometown of
Springfield, Illinois
 It took 14 days to travel there from
Washington.
 7 million Americans came out to mourn the
President.
Transition for
America

The Civil War ended but with Lincoln dead,
the country faced a new set of challenges
– How to restore the Southern states to the Union
– How to integrate 4 million newly freed slaves
to national life

All this under the leadership of now
President Andrew Johnson.
Cost of War Worksheet
Name:_________________________________________Date:_____________
Using the chart, Troops Furnished and Losses, answer the following questions:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Which state had the most deaths during the Civil War? _____________________
How many people from Iowa died in accidents during the war? ______________
How many residents of California died of disease or accident? _______________
How many people in Pennsylvania died of causes not related to battle? ________
How many more people died in Missouri than in Connecticut? _______________
What percentage of the deaths in Dakota were battle-related? ________________
How many residents of Tennessee did not die of disease? ___________________
About what percentage of generals or their staff who died during the Civil War were
killed or mortally wounded? _______
Which state had the most prisoner of war deaths? __________________________
How many U.S. citizens died during the Civil War? ________________________
© 2009 by Education World®. Permission is granted to teachers to reproduce this skill page for
classroom use.
Civil War Research Project
Research two Generals from the Civil War –
One Union and one Confederate General
List – their names, where they were from, one battle they fought, did they win or
lose the battle, 3 facts about each one, a picture of each person, a date of birth and
date of death, what did they do after the war?
Research one famous battle from the Civil War
- Where was it fought, who won the battle the Union or the Confederacy, who were
the generals for each side, list 2 facts about the battle, include a picture related to
the battle
Research one famous female during the Civil War
- What is her name, where is she from, did she support the Union or Confederacy,
why is she important, what did she do after the war, include her picture
Some research sites to visit for information:
- http://sunsite.utk.edu/civil-war/
- http://grapevine.com.au/~kwebb/Generals.html