Transcript Chapter 19.3 The War In The West

Chapter 19.3
The War In The West
• February 1862
– Gen. Ulysses S. Grant was
given orders from Pres.
Lincoln…
• Take control of the
Mississippi River.
• Why?
– The Union could cut the
Confederacy in half
» East
• VA, NC, SC, TN,
MS, AL,GA, and
FL
» West
• TX, AR, and LA
Why was this important?
• If the North controlled the Mississippi River
– The Eastern States could not get supplies
• No troops from Texas and Louisiana
• No food:
– Texas
» Beef and corn
– Arkansas
» Corn and Wheat
– Louisiana
» Fresh Fish
The Union’s Plan to Capture the West
• Gen. Grant would come
from the North
– Through Kentucky and
Tennessee
• Capture states from
Confederate rebels and
move on to Mississippi River
• Admiral David Farragut
– Use the U.S. Navy and
capture New Orleans
• Then move up the
Mississippi River to meet
with Grant.
General Grant almost get beat…
• Grant swiftly moved
through North to mouth
of Mississippi River and
Tennessee River
– April 6, 1862
• Grant ordered to wait for
reinforcements
– Confederates used this
opportunity to attack…
– At a little church named
Shiloh…
Battle of Shiloh, Day 1
• Gen. Grant
– Had about 50,000 troops
• Gen. Sidney Johnson
– Had about 45,000
Confederate troops
• Goal: move Grant’s army
back north away from
Mississippi River.
– Things were looking good
for Confederates,
• Until Gen. Johnson gets
killed…
Battle of Shiloh, Day 2
• Reinforcements show up
for Gen. Grant
– Union Army drives
Confederates away from
battlefield.
– Casualties:
• Union – 13,000
• Confederates - 10,700
• Confederates knew they
couldn’t afford more
losses…so they retreat.
Admiral Farragut makes his move
• Adm. Farragut had orders
to capture New Orleans,
LA.
– Problem:
• Confederate fort outside of
New Orleans was too
strong…
– Farragut was losing too
many ships.
– What can you do?
A Thief in the Night…
• April 24, 1862
– Adm. Farragut orders his ships
to “run silent” after midnight
to sneak pass the fort.
• IT WORKS!!
• April 29, 1862
– Farragut captures New
Orleans, LA.
• Now Union controls the
mouth of the Mississippi and
the Northern part of river.
• Now, its time to meet up with
Gen. Grant.
Battle of Vicksburg, Mississippi
• Gen. Grant
– 77,000 troops
• GOAL: Take fortified city of
Vicksburg by force…
• Gen. John C. Pemberton
– 33,000 troops
• Well fortified on top of cliffs
– Had artillery to destroy
anything that might try to
get up the cliff.
The Battle of Vicksburg turns into the
Siege of Vicksburg
• Gen. Grant tried 4 times
to make it up the cliffs
– Lost 22,000 troops
• Used the 50,000 left to
set up defense around
the city
– GOAL: Let nothing in, let
nothing out.
• Called a siege
– Within 6 weeks, Vicksburg
was out of food…
City of Vicksburg, 1862
By end of 1st week, half of town lives in
tents…no homes.
End of 2nd week, they build cave
homes
The New Vicksburg
The Confederates Surrender Vicksburg
• 4th of July, 1863
– Gen. Pemberton
surrenders Vicksburg, MS.
– Union now controls the
Mississippi River.
– This is a major blow to
the Confederacy.
• Then Pres. Lincoln does
something that hurts even
worse…
September 22,1862
• With news of major
victories in East and
West,
– Pres. Lincoln makes his
strongest move as
Commander in Chief
– He orders that all slaves in
the Confederate states be
freed as of Jan. 1, 1863.
• Called the Emancipation
Proclamation
Significance of Emancipation
Proclamation
• Gave slaves in south reason to runaway
– Just had to find Union Army and they were protected!
• Confederacy loses their workforce!
– Now they can’t farm cotton!
• How will they make money to fund the war??
• Slaves will want to fight for the North!
– Have a chance at revenge!
• Called contrabands
The War Wages on…but the Union has the
Upper Hand.