Transcript Gettysburg - Barrington 220

Section 3: The North Wins
Section 4: The Legacy of the War
There were hundreds of small battles in the
Civil War – and several more famous ones
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Fort Sumter
Bull Run
New Orleans
Antietam
Fredericksburg
Chancellorsville
Vicksburg
Gettysburg
Chattanooga
Atlanta
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All Civil War Battles
Famous Civil War Battles
General Civil War information
Gettysburg
is the one many people think of 1st
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Gettysburg happened
about half way through
the war.
The first half: the South
was a little ahead.
At Gettysburg the North
rallied, won the battle,
and started to take a little
more control over the
Confederates.
The fighting at Gettysburg
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Lasted for 3 days.
90,000 Union troops
against 75,000
Confederate troops.
The Union was trying to
hold some ground
(Cemetery Ridge) and the
South kept trying to take
it from them.
There was very intense
fighting from both sides.
On July 3rd (the 3rd day)
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Confederate General George
Picket decided to directly
attack the middle of the Union
line.
13,000 Rebel troops charged
up the ridge into enemy fire.
It was a terrible tactical
mistake – the South’s men
were torn apart.
The North actually had a
chance to “finish them off”,
but Lincoln’s generals let them
retreat.
One third of general Lee’s
army was dead or wounded.
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on
this continent, a new nation, conceived in liberty, and
dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
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Now we are engaged in a
great civil war, testing
whether that nation, or any
nation so conceived and so
dedicated, can long
endure. We are met on a
great battlefield of that
war. We have come to
dedicate a portion of that
field, as a final resting
place for those who here
gave their lives that that
nation might live. It is
altogether fitting and
proper that we should do
this.
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But in a larger sense, we cannot
dedicate - we cannot consecrate - we
cannot hallow - this ground. The brave
men, living and dead, who struggled
here, have consecrated it, far above
our poor power to add or detract. The
world will little note, nor long
remember, what we say here, but it
can never forget what they did here. It
is for us the living, rather, to be
dedicated here to the unfinished work
which they who fought here have thus
far so nobly advanced. It is rather for
us to be here dedicated to the great
task remaining before us - that from
these honored dead we take increased
devotion to that cause for which they
gave the last full measure of devotion
- that we here highly resolve that
these dead shall not have died in vain that this nation, under God, shall have
a new birth of freedom - and that
government of the people, by the
people, for the people, shall not perish
from the earth.
One of the more devastating attacks came
with General Sherman’s / “march to the sea”
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Sherman (Union) started his
men on a march from
Atlanta – to “deal with”
anything they came up
against in Georgia.
His men went from Atlanta
all the way to the Atlantic
Ocean.
On the way they destroyed
everything in their path –
rail lines, crops, livestock,
looted and burned towns.
This really angered and
destroyed morale in the
South
After some other battles, the Confederates felt
they had no other choice – than to surrender
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On April 9th, 1865,
General Lee (S) and
General Grant (N) met
at Appomattox Court
House (in Virginia) to
arrange the surrender.
Grant and the North
were very kind to the
Confederates.
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They got to go home in
peace.
They got to take their
private possessions (and
horses) with them.
The hungry soldiers got
food.
Most of them walked
home.
When the Civil War was over
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3,000,000 men had
fought on both sides
(about 1/10 Americans)
620,000 soldiers had
died.
535,000 soldiers had
been wounded.
A LOT of money had
been spent (in 5 years - 5
times the amount of
money the country had
spent in its entire history)
The 13th Amendment was passed
(banned slavery in the United States)
5 days later… Abraham Lincoln
went to watch a play with his wife
Lincoln was feeling pretty good about everything –
he even thought he’d relax a little bit.
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And he thought he’d
go watch a play – just
about 6 - 8 blocks
from the White House.
A man named John
Wilkes Booth stopped
by…
And… you know… the
rest of the story
Consequences of the Civil War
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People started to talk
about the United States
as one big country (not
sections of America).
The federal government
grew larger and more
powerful.
Northern industries
continued to grow (they
hadn’t been ruined by
the war).
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In the South:
Farms and plantations were
destroyed.
40% of the livestock were
destroyed.
50% of farm machinery was
destroyed.
Factories were demolished.
Railroad tracks had been torn
apart.
The South’s economic system
was torn apart (no more
slaves).
What should they do with 4
million newly freed people?
At this point in history – we finally
start to see photographs of events
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And not paintings or
drawings anymore.
Photography had been
invented.
But… still very basic – for
example people had to be
very still or the picture
would be blurry.
Matthew Brady is
generally accepted as the
best / most famous of the
Civil War photographers