Transcript What You Need to Know about the Civil War and Reconstruction

What You Need to Know
about the
American Civil War
and Reconstruction
for STAAR
L. Petersen
Dates:
1861 - 1865
Names for the Union
Yankees
United States of
America
Blues
Federals
The North
Names for the
Confederacy
Confederacy
Confederate States of
America
Grays
Rebels
The South
Presidents
US – Abraham Lincoln
Capital – Washington,
DC
Confederacy –
Jefferson Davis
Capital – Richmond, VA
Views of Civil War
South – states’ rights
was their justification
Union –
First - To preserve the
Union
Much Later – to free
slaves
Northern Advantages
Larger population
(North – 22 Million,
South – 9 million
including 3.5 million
slaves)
Northern Advantages
Most of the nation’s
mineral deposits –
iron, coal, copper, and
other precious metals
More factories - 86%
of nation’s factories
located in the North
Northern Advantages
More Railroads – The
North had 2.5 times
the railroad mileage as
the South
U.S. Navy – Almost
90% of the U.S. ships
stayed with the Union.
Northern Advantages
Leadership of Abraham
Lincoln - Lincoln pulled
the nation through the
most difficult time in its
existence. A lesser man
would not have been
able to do that.
Southern Advantages
Generals – many West
Point trained
1/3 of the career
officers in the U.S.
Army resigned to join
the Confederacy
Southern Advantages
Fighting a Defensive
War; didn’t have to
invade North, just not
lose
Northern troops did not
know the territory
Northern troops far away
from supply lines
Southern Advantages
Fighting for a Cause
they believed in.
Southerners believed
that they were fighting
for liberty based on the
ideas in the Declaration
of Independence.
Southern Advantages
Leadership of Robert
E. Lee - Inspired
Confederate soldiers
to fight on, despite the
odds
Military Commanders
Union – Ulysses S.
Grant
Confederacy – Robert
E. Lee
Northern Strategy Anaconda Plan –
seize railroads &
Mississippi River to
split Confederacy, cut
off supplies
blockade ports
capture Richmond
Southern Strategy –
fight a defensive war,
hold on until the North
gave up
capture Washington,
DC.
Abraham Lincoln’s
Speeches
Emancipation
Proclamation - freed
slaves in rebelling
states, NOT in border
states
Added abolition of slavery
to war aims
After Antietam
Abraham Lincoln’s
Speeches
Gettysburg Address –
at dedication of
Gettysburg battle site
as national cemetery;
said they were fighting
to save the Union and
democracy
Gettysburg Address
Read the text at
http://showcase.netins.n
et/web/creative/lincoln/
speeches/gettysburg.ht
m
http://showcase.netins.net/web/creative/lincoln/speeches/gettysburg.htm
Abraham Lincoln’s
Speeches
2nd Inaugural Address
-encouraged everyone
to think of the Union,
wanted to bring the
country back together
peacefully
2nd Inaugural Address
Read the text at
http://www.bartleby.co
m/124/pres32.html
http://www.bartleby.com/124/pres32.html
Important Events &
Battles:
Ft. Sumter - First battle
Antietam - Emancipation
Proclamation issued
after this battle; new
emphasis on fighting to
free slaves keeps
European nations out of
the civil war
Important Events &
Battles
Vicksburg – Union
captured the last
Confederate
stronghold on the
Mississippi River;
Union controls
Mississippi River
Important Events &
Battles:
Gettysburg - turning
point of the war ,
North slowly gets the
advantage as Southern
casualties grow;
Gettysburg Address
follows it
Important Events &
Battles:
Appomattox
Courthouse, VA- Lee
surrenders to U.S.
Grant, ending the war
South loses
Important People:
Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson – Confederate
officer under Lee; died
from wounds at
Chancellorsville
Important People
William Tecumseh
Sherman – Union
officer; burned Atlanta
in his “March to the
Sea” campaign
Important People
Julia Ward Howe –
wrote “The Battle
Hymn of the Republic”;
marching song of the
Union army describing
life in army, and poem
“John Brown’s Body”
Important People
st
1
William Carney –
African American
soldier awarded the
Congressional Medal
of Honor
Important People
st
1
Philip Bazaar –
Hispanic-American
awarded the
Congressional Medal
of Honor
Important People
Clara Barton – founder
of the Red Cross; Civil
War nurse
Important People
John Wilkes Booth –
assassinated Abraham
Lincoln
Reconstruction
1865-76
The period of rebuilding and
reuniting the nation after the
Civil War
Much Bitterness felt by South –
lasted for generations
Much destruction of South
Reconstruction
Lincoln assassinated less than
2 weeks after war ending
 John Wilkes Booth – Southerner
 Made Reconstruction harder on the
South
 Lincoln wanted peaceful
reconciliation
 People wanted to punish the South
after his death
Reconstruction
Confederate states
had to go through a
aporces to be formally
admitted into the
Union
Important People
Hiram Rhodes Revels
– 1st African American
elected to Congress
Homestead Act
Government offered
public lands to settlers
out west, growing
crops and homes
Morrill Act
Set western land
aside to fund
agricultural and
mechanical colleges
(how Texas A&M got
started)
Dawes Act
Sold Indian land and
sent Indians to
reservations; put Native
American children in
schools that virtually
eliminated their culture
Compromise of 1877
Ended Reconstruction
Federal government
would give more aid
and leave the South
alone; South promised
to maintain rights for
African American
Reconstruction
The period of
reuniting the country
after the Civil War.
Much bitterness felt
by the South – lasted
for generations
Lincoln Assassinated
John Wilkes Booth –
Southerner
Made Reconstruction
harder on the South
Lincoln had wanted peace
People wanted to punish
the South after his death
Reconstruction
Seceding states had to
go through a process to
be formally readmitted
into the Union
Confederate officers lost
citizenship until
pardoned
Reconstruction
Amendments
13 – freed slaves
14 – gave former
slaves citizenship
(also had details about
citizenship for former
Confederates)
Reconstruction
Amendments
15 – right to vote
guaranteed to all
races (aimed at
African Americans)
Free
Citizens
Vote
Reconstruction
Amendments
– freed slaves
th
14 – gave former
slave citizenship
th
15 – gave African
Americans the right to
vote
th
13