Transcript The American Civil War 1861-1865

The American Civil War
1861-1865
The Union
The Confederacy
The Presidents During the
Civil War
Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson Davis
The White Houses During The
Civil War
Flags of the Civil War
• Union
Confederacy
Uniforms Of The Civil War
Civil War Strengths
Confederacy: South
• Defensive Tactics
• Southern Lifestyle
• Strong Group of Generals and Officers
Union: North
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
Population
Industrial Capacity
Railroads
Navy
Food Production
Abraham Lincoln
Civil War Strategies
• The Anaconda Plan(Winfield Scott)
1)Use a Naval Blockade to stop goods from
going in and out of Southern Ports.
2)Divide the Confederacy in half by taking and
controlling the Mississippi River.
3)Take the Confederacy’s Capitol City of
Richmond and end the rebellion.
Union
Confederate Strategy To
Win Independence
1)The Confederacy develops a
defensive strategy to protect the
Capitol and drive out the invader.
2)The Confederacy works to build an
Independent Country that will be
recognized by England and France.
3)Fight a long grueling war and force
the Union to stop the invasion.
Union Soldiers
• Total Deaths
• 389,753
• Wounded in Action
• 275,175
• Total casualties, 1861 to
1865
• 664,928
Confederate Soldiers
•
Killed in action or mortally wounded
•
94,000
•
Total Deaths
•
289,000
•
Wounded in action
•
194,026
•
Total casualties, 1861 to 1865
•
483,026
Civil War Generals and
Officers
Famous Confederate
Generals and Officers
General Robert E. Lee
• January 19, 1807 – October
12, 1870
• A top graduate of West
Point, Lee distinguished
himself as an exceptional
soldier in the U.S. Army for
thirty-two years. He is best
known for commanding the
Confederate Army of
Northern Virginia in the
American Civil War.
• Captor of John Brown
General P.G.T Beauregard
• May 28, 1818(1818-0528) – February 20, 1893
(aged 74)
• nicknames: Little
Creole, and Little
Napoleon.
• Led the attack on Ft.
Sumter and later Bull
Run.
• He took over command
at Shiloh
General Thomas
“Stonewall”Jackson
January 21, 1824 – May 10, 1863
My religious belief teaches me to
feel as safe in battle as in bed.
God has fixed the time for my
death. I do not concern myself
about that, but to always be
ready, no matter when it may
overtake me.
Rode into battle with left hand in
the air (balance)
Habitually sucked on lemons
even during battle.
General Albert Sidney
Johnston
• (February 2, 1803 – April 6,
1862)
• Tonight we will water our
horses in the Tennessee
River.
• he was given command of
the western theater of
operations.
• Killed at the Battle of Shiloh
(Leg)
General J.E.B Stuart
• February 6, 1833 – May 12, 1864
• During his 1862 ride around
McCellan, J.E.B. Stuart captured
145 prisoners, 200 mules, and 16
escaped slaves; he lost only one
man, Captain William Latane.
• On May 11, during the Battle of
Yellow Tavern, J.E.B. Stuart was
mortally wounded by Michigan
private John Huff.
• Eyes and ears of Lee’s Army
General James Longstreet
• January 8, 1821 – January
2, 1904
• Longstreet had many
nicknames like War-horse,
Old Pete and the Dutchman.
• He was the commander of
Northern Virginia's First
Corps.
• He is credited with inventing
defensive trench warfare.
General George Pickett
• January 28,1825 -July 30, 1875
• His name in Civil War history
was secured in a losing cause,
the charge against the Federal
center on the third day at
Gettysburg.
• Graduated last in his class at
West Point.
• Pickett’s doomed infantry
charge at Gettysburg was the
first time he took his division
into combat.
General Joseph E. Johnston
• February 3, 1807 – March 21,
1891
• Confederate general who never
suffered a direct defeat during the
American Civil War (1861–65). His
military effectiveness, though, was
hindered by a long-standing feud
with Jefferson Davis.
• he was credited in July with the
first important Southern victory at
the First Battle of Bull Run
(Manassas
General John Bell Hood
• (1831-1879)
• In the battle at Chickamauga, in
1863, he lost his right leg. He
was promoted to General and
became commander of the
Army of Tennessee. While in
command, he lost every battle.
• He was a rash fighter. He
performed well in subordinate
roles, not as an army
commander.
General A. P. Hill
• November 9, 1825 ﾐ April 2,
1865
• Became known for wearing a
bright red shirt into battle.
• The youngest major general in
the Army of Northern Virginia.
• In the assault that finally broke
the Confederate lines at
Petersburg (Apr. 2, 1865), Hill,
with characteristic
impulsiveness, went out to rally
his troops and was killed.
General Richard Ewell
(1817-72)
• Lost his leg in the second battle of
Bull Run (Aug., 1862)
• Well succeeded the late Stonewall
Jackson as commander of the 2d
Corps and led Lee's advance in
the Gettysburg Campaign..
• During the Wilderness
Campaign(1864) he sustained
further injury and was forced to
retire from the field but
commanded the defenses of
Richmond until the city fell in Apr.,
1865.
General John C. Pemberton
(1814-1881)
• Chose to fight for the Confederacy
because of his wife Pattie.
• Best know for his defense of
Vicksburg.
• Chose to surrender Vicksburg on
July 4th.
• He accepted a demotion in order to
continue fighting for the
Confederacy.
General Braxton Bragg
• March 22, 1817 September 27, 1876
• Fought at the battle of
Shiloh.
• Won a Confederate
Victory at Chickamauga.
• He later served as
advisor to his friend Jeff
Davis
General Jubal Early
• November 3, 1816 ﾐ
March 2, 1894
• Lawyer who voted
against Succession
• Served under Jackson
and Lee
• Commander in Valley
Campaigns 1864
• Led a daring raid to the
outskirts of Washington
D.C.
General Nathan Bedford Forrest
July 13, 1821 - October 29, 1877
• If you surrender you shall be treated as
prisoners of war, but if I have to storm
your works you may expect no quarter.
• Born with a twin sister.
• Started as a Private and rose to
General.
• Fort Pillow (1864)
• Founded and later denounced the KKK.
• had 30 horses shot from under him and
personally killed 31 men in hand-tohand combat. "I was a horse ahead at
the end," he said.
Famous Union
Generals and Officers
General Ulysses S. Grant
April 27, 1822 ﾐ July 23, 1885
• Born Hiram Ulysses Grant. (Hug)
• Worked as a store clerk at the start
of the Civil War.
• Cigar Smoker/Drinker
• After success at Vicksburg he was
promoted to Chief General of the
Union Army.
• Accepted Lee’s surrender at
Appomattox Courthouse.
• Later served as President Of The
United States.
General William Tecumseh Sherman
February 8, 1820 ﾐ February 14, 1891
• War is cruelty. There is no use
trying to reform it. The crueler it is,
the sooner it will be over.
• Best known for his “March to the
Sea”
• Considered the first “Modern
General”
• Later fought in the Indian Wars.
General Irvin McDowell
October 15, 1818 ﾐ May 4, 1885
• Instructor at West
Point.
• Best known for his
command at Bull
Run.
• He commanded the
Third Corps at
Second Bull Run.
Another defeat for
the Union.
General George B. McCellan
(Dec. 3, 1826, d. Oct. 29, 1885)
• Known as Little Napoleon, Mac,
and his inactivity in battle.
• Failed to capture Lee during the
Peninsula Campaign and later at
Antietam.
• Cautiousness was caused by his
lack of knowledge of troop
strength.
• Fired by Lincoln twice.
• Ran against Lincoln in 1864. (Lost)
Admiral David Farragut
1801-1870
• “Damn the Torpedoes!
Full Speed ahead!”
• Helped capture the city
of New Orleans. (1862)
• Defeated Confederate
forces at Mobile
Bay(1864) to help
control the Mouth of the
Mississippi River.
• Family has a strong
naval tradition.
General John Pope
March 16, 1822 ﾐ September 23, 1892
• Success and glory are in the
advance, disaster and shame
lurk in the rear.
• Had success in the Western
Theatre. (Memphis)
• Fell into Lee’s trap at Second
Bull Run.
• Relieved of his command(1862)
• Later he was involved in the
“Indian Wars”
General Ambrose Burnside
May 23, 1824 ﾐ September 13, 1881
• Best known for his side
whisker hair and failure as a
General.
• Antietam -1862 (Burnside’s
Bridge)
• Fredericksburg -1862
• (Marye’s Heights)
• The Crater/Petersburg 1864
• Aggressive and Loyal
General who was prone to
mistakes.
General Joseph Hooker
November 13, 1814 ﾐ October 31, 1879
• I have the finest army on the
planet. I have the finest army the
sun ever shone on. ... If the enemy
does not run, God help them. May
God have mercy on General Lee,
for I will have none.
• He commanded Army of the
Potomac at Chancellorsville.
• He restored his reputation
somewhat by his good leadership
on Lookout Mountain and in the
Atlanta campaign.
General George Meade
December 31, 1815 ﾐ November 6, 1872
• A damned old goggledeyed snapping turtle
• while he was respected by
most of his peers, he was
not well-loved by his army
• He is best known for
defeating Robert E Lee at
Gettysburg, 1863
• Criticized by Lincoln
because he allowed Lee to
escape.
• Replaced by General Grant
General Philip Sheridan
March 6, 1831 ﾐ August 5, 1888
• Leader of the Calvary Corps
(Potomac)
• Used “Scorched Earth” to defeat
his enemy.
• Instrumental in capturing Lee at
Appomattox.
• Later know for his service during
the “Indian Wars”
• Helped promote the creation of
Yellowstone National Park.
Don Carlos Buell
March 23, 1818 ﾐ November 19, 1898
• Shiloh - He helped to
reinforce General Grant and
turn back the Confederate
forces.
• Stopped Braxton Bragg’s
invasion of Tennessee but
he failed to capture Bragg
and was relieved of
command.
General John Buford
March 4, 1826 ﾐ December 16, 1863
• Calvary Officer for the Union
Army.
• Hero at the Battle of
Gettysburg.
• Clashed with Henry Heath
on the first day of battle.
• Allowed the Union army time
to capture the High Ground
at the end of the first day of
battle.
General Winfield Scott Hancock
February 14, 1824 ﾐ February 9, 1886
• his tactical skill had won him the quick
admiration of adversaries who had come
to know him as the 'Thunderbolt of the
Army of the Potomac.”
• Fought and was wounded in the battles
of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and
Gettysburg.
• Held Back Pickett’s Charge at
Gettysburg.
• Executed the Conspirators to Lincoln’s
assignation.
• Ran for President in 1880. (Lost to
Hayes)
General Daniel Sickles
1819-1914
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Served in congress for New York (1857-1861)
Killed the Son of Francis Scott Key.
Acquitted on grounds of temporary mental insanity.
Lost his leg at the Battle of Gettysburg. (Wheatfield and Peach
Orchard.
• Nickname is “Devil Dan” because of his bad behavior.
Colonel Joshua Chamberlain
September 8, 1828 February 24, 1914
• Colonel in the 20th Maine.
• Fought at Fredericksburg
survived the attack on Marye’s
Heights.
• Best known for his leadership
in the defense of “Little Round
Top”
• Participated in the Surrender of
Lee’s Army at Appomattox
Courthouse.
• Later became Governor of
Maine.
• President of Bowdoin College
in Maine
General William Rosecrans
September 6, 1819 ﾐ March 11, 1898
• Old Rosy(Nickname)
• Had success in the Western
Theatre of the Civil War under
Grant.
• Corinth, Stones River, and
Tullahoma Campaign.
• Battle of Chickamauga(1863)attacked Braxton Bragg too
soon and his army was almost
destroyed
• Relieved of command and
replaced by George H. Thomas.
General George Henry Thomas
1816-1870
• West Point Cavalry Instructor Known for training African
American Troops.
• Best known for his stand at
Chickamauga which led to his
nickname “The Rock of
Chickamauga”
• Served under Grant and
Sherman.
• Fought in Atlanta and various
battle in Tennessee.
Colonel Robert Gould Shaw
October 10, 1837 ﾐ July 18, 1863
• Colonel of the African
American Regiment the 54th
of Massachusetts.
• Fought at Antietam, James
Island, and Ft. Wagner.
• Led the attack on Ft. Wagner
in South Carolina.
• Died at Ft. Wagner and was
buried with his men.
General Benjamin Butler
March 4, 1867 ﾐ March 3, 1875
• Known as “Beast Butler”and
“Spoons” by Southern Whites.
• Occupied the City of New Orleans
during the Civil War.
• Known for his treatment of
Southern Women.
• Treated freed slaves as
“Contraband”
• Executed William Mumford for
lowering the United States Flag
General Franz Sigel
November 18, 1824 ﾐ August 21, 1902
• Started his military career
in Germany and later fled
to the United States.
• Organized the 3rd
Missouri Volunteers.
• His army was defeated at
Wilson’s Creek but
eventually removed the
Confederate forces from
Missouri.
• Defeated at New Market
and was replaced
Songs of the Confederacy
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* "All Quiet Along the
Potomac"
* "Battle Cry of Freedom"
(Southern version)
* "Bonnie Blue Flag"
* "Dixie's Land"
* "Dixie, The Land of King
Cotton"
* "Everybody's Dixie"
* "Flag of the Sunny South"
NEW
* "Flight of Doodles"
* "God Save the South"
* "Goober Peas"
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* "Lorena"
* "The Star-Spangled Cross and the
Pure Field of White"
"The South Shall Rise Up Free"
* "The Volunteer"
* "The Young Volunteer" NEW
* "When Johnny Comes Marching
Home"
* "When This Cruel War Is Over"
* "Yellow Rose of Texas"
* "You Are Going to the Wars,
Popular Songs Of The Union
• "Always Stand on the Union
Side"
• "Battle Cry of Freedom"
• "Battle Hymn of the Republic"
• "John Brown's Body"
• "The Stars and Bars"
When Johnny Comes Marching
Home"
• "When Sherman Marched
Down to the Sea"