Transcript Reconstruction (1865

The Reconstruction Era
(1865-1877)
• Reconstruction
– 1) The rebuilding of
the South after being
destroyed by the
North
– 2) Bringing the South
back into the Union
• But there were 3
plans on how to do
this
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• 1) Lincoln’s Plan
– Wanted a lenient plan
– Felt that the
Confederates never
left
–“Proclamation of
Amnesty &
Reconstruction”
• or the “10% Plan”
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– 10% of the population of
the state to swear
allegiance to the Union
• then they could form a
state government & get
back into Congress
– This plan upset the
‘Radical Republicans’
• Led by Thaddeus
Stevens
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• Assassination of Lincoln
(April 14, 1865)
– 5 days after the South
surrendered
– Lincoln, his wife, and 2
friends attended a play at
Ford’s Theatre in D.C.
– John Wilkes Booth, a famous
actor, openly walked into
Lincoln’s balcony
– Shot Lincoln in the back of
the head
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– Booth leaps from the
balcony onto the stage
• Breaks his leg & leaves
the theatre
• He rides to the South
where he thought he
would be treated as a
hero
• It launches the biggest
man-hunt in American
history
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• Booth was running for 12 days
• He & a co-conspirator were
cornered in a farmhouse in
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Virginia by Union troops
• The troops set fire to the
farmhouse
– Booth was shot by a soldier
& died
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– 2 months later, 4 of his co- TIFFare(Uncompressed)
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conspirators were convicted
& executed
– 1st American
President to be
assassinated
• “Now he belongs
to the ages”
– This was the end of
Lincoln’s lenient
plan for
Reconstruction
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• 2) Andrew Johnson’s Plan
(Lincoln’s replacement)
– From Tennessee, favors
the South
– He believed that “white
men alone must manage
the South”
– He would let the
Confederate states return
to the Union if they did 3
things…
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– 1) 10% of population swear
allegiance to the Union
– 2) Each state withdraw
secession
– 3) Ratify the 13th
Amendment
• Abolish slavery
• Then he would forgive the
South’s war debts AND
let them have their own
state governments
• The South loved this plan
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• 3) Congress Plan (Radical Republicans)
• Extreme Republicans that want to
punish the South
– They hated Johnson’s Plan & made a
plan of their own
• 1) Enlarged the “Freedmen’s
Bureau”
– agency to assist newly freed
slaves & poor whites in the
South
• 2) Passed Civil Rights Act of 1866
– forbade states from passing
discriminatory ‘Black Codes’
– Johnson vetoed both
• => Republicans overrode the vetoes and
passed them anyway
• also created the 14th
Amendment
–Makes the former
slaves citizens with
equal protection of the
law
• Congress is gaining a
lot of power
• Congress passes The
‘Reconstruction Act’
– 1) Divided the South into 5
military districts
– 2) States are required to accept
the 13th and 14th Amendments
• Impeachment of Johnson
– Formal CHARGING of
misconduct
– Radical Republicans thought
Johnson was not doing his job
– Fell short of conviction by 1
vote
• End of Reconstruction
– 1) ‘Amnesty Act’
• The Radical
Republicans eventually
had to return the South’s
right to vote
• Returned the right to
vote to former
Confederate states
– They will surely vote
Democratic
– => Republicans lose
power
• 2) Election of 1876
– Rutherford B. Hayes
(Republican) vs. Samuel
Tilden (Democrat)
• Vote was too close to
call, so they made a
deal (Compromise of
1877)
– Hayes would win the
Presidency if he did 3
things…
• 1) Withdraw troops from the
South
• 2) South gets Federal $ to
build RR, harbors, bridges
• 3) Appoint a Southerner as
Hayes’s advisor
– Republicans say OK
– Shows that the North has
lost the will to keep up
Reconstruction =>
segregated South