Transcript Supreme Court Cases

The Union wins the
Civil War
Quiz
1. Who was the famous person that died at the
Battle of Chancellorsville?
2. Which city did Grant win to break the
Confederacy in half?
3. What city did Sherman capture just before
the Christmas of 1864?
4. Who delivered the Gettysburg Address
during a cemetery dedication in 1863?
5. Where did Lee surrender to Grant to end the
Civil War?
What you need to know
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Battle of Chancellorsville
Battle of Gettysburg
Battle of Vicksburg
Gettysburg Address
William T. Sherman
Battle of Atlanta & March to the Sea
Election of 1864
Appomattox
Battle of Chancellorsville
• May 1863
• CSA defeated US army
• “Stonewall” Jackson shot
accidentally by his own men
–Died of pneumonia 1 week later
After Chancellorsville
• Big win convinced Lee to
invade the North
• Went into Pennsylvania
• Hoping to:
–Get supplies
–Make north lose faith in war
–Lure union troops from western
theater (Vicksburg, MS)
Lee goes into Pennsylvania
• Gettysburg was
selected by Lee as
a strategic goal
• Was an important
location
– Highway crossing
– Railroads
– Rivers nearby
– Shoes
Gettysburg – July 1-3, 1863
• Day 1 – 7/1/63
• Confederates took the city after
fierce battles
–US troops pushed south of town
• The fight then focused on the
high land south of town
Gettysburg – July 1-3, 1863
• Day 2 – 7/2/63
• USA troops had high ground
south of town
• CSA tried to take high ground
• Battle went back & forth all day
Gettysburg – July 1-3, 1863
• Day 3 – 7/3/63
• US troops tight on high ground
• Lee believed he could wipe out
the union army right there
–It would effectively end the war
–Ordered charge up fortified hills
Gettysburg – July 1-3, 1863
• General Pickett led the charge
–CSA troops were massacred
• Pickett’s Charge was the
turning point of the war
–South permanently went from
attacking to retreating
Aftermath of Gettysburg
• Bloodiest battle of the war
–About 50,000 casualties in 3 days
• Widely considered to be the
turning point of the war
Vicksburg – July 1863
Vicksburg – July 1863
• Strategic point in the west
–1 of only 2 places in CSA control
on the Mississippi river
• Wealthy city on high ground
overlooking the river
Vicksburg – July 1863
• US Gen Ulysses S. Grant
couldn’t take city by force, so
besieged it
• CSA troops surrendered 7/4/63
–The day after Gettysburg
• CSA split in half
The Gettysburg Address
• November 1863
• Speech by Abraham Lincoln
–Given at dedication of cemetery
in Gettysburg for US troops
The Gettysburg Address
• http://www.learntheaddress.org/
War of attrition
• CSA didn’t have resources to
keep fighting for long
• Tried to hang on long enough
to damage morale of north
Confederate morale
• Planters supposed to provide
food to people but didn’t
• CSA had many deserters
–Many changed sides when defeat
was inevitable
• Peace movements sprang up
all over south
Grant & Sherman
• Grant was the
commander of US
Army in west
• After success at
Vicksburg, Lincoln
put him in charge
of entire US Army
Grant & Sherman
• Grant named
William T. Sherman
to his old position
• Both believed in
total war – fight to
totally eradicate
the enemy
Virginia Campaign – 1864
• Grant vs. Lee
• Grant had more casualties but
he had more men to spare
• Lincoln suffered politically
because of heavy troop losses
Sherman’s march to the sea
• Burned Atlanta in September
1864
• Marched SE to sea through GA
–Destroyed everything in his path
• Burned everything
• Took Savannah (didn’t burn it)
right before Christmas 1864
Sherman’s march to the sea
• Then turned north & headed to
meet up with Grant in VA
–Went through SC & burned it too
Election of 1864
• Lincoln had major political opposition
• Appeared little chance of success
– High # of dead & high $ cost
– No reelection since Jackson (1832)
– Opposition within party – Radical
Republicans
National Union Party
• New party – attempt to
keep union together
politically
• Many Democrats joined
to support Lincoln
Radical Republicans
• Demanded postwar
punishment of CSA
• Demanded amendments
to guarantee postwar
rights of AfricanAmericans
• Selected John Frémont
George McClellan
• Democrat
candidate
• Former general
– Lincoln had
replaced him – he
was too cautious
• Wanted to end war
Election of 1864
• Lincoln won because of successes
on the battlefield
– Mainly Battle of Atlanta in September
– Convinced Americans that war was
winnable and nearing the end
Appomattox surrender
• Grant & Lee met in a farmhouse
in Appomattox Court House, VA
• Lincoln insisted on generous
terms of surrender
– All CSA soldiers paroled, allowed
to keep their personal possessions
What you need to know
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Battle of Chancellorsville
Battle of Gettysburg
Battle of Vicksburg
Gettysburg Address
William T. Sherman
Battle of Atlanta & March to the Sea
Election of 1864
Appomattox
The Legacy of the
Civil War
What you need to know
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Economic changes b/c of Civil War
Changes to south after Civil War
13th amendment
Lincoln’s 2nd inauguration speech
Lincoln’s assassination
Political changes
• No threat of secession anymore
• National government supreme
over states
– States’ rights issues still debated
but smaller issues
Political changes
• National government much more
involved in people’s private lives
– Taxes
– National currency
– War – conscription
Economic changes
• War = Gov’t becomes consumer
– Must buy many supplies
– Business leaders make lots of $
• War = huge government debts
– Must borrow money and/or levy
taxes to pay for spending
Economic changes
• US needed streamlined banking
system for wartime finances
• National Bank Act (1863) improved
financial system for investors
– System of federally chartered banks
– Requirements for banks loaning $
– Bank inspections
Economic changes
• During war, US changed to
economy of larger companies
– Easier for gov to deal with few large
companies than many small ones
• US funded railroad improvements
– Needed to get supplies to troops
– Better railroad – better for business
Southern economy
• Devastated
– Land ruined
– Labor source gone
– Industry (that there was) destroyed
– Railroads destroyed
Costs of war
• Huge numbers killed
• Many were permanently disabled
• Almost 10% of population of the
US fought in the war
– Spent four years of their lives
Costs of war
• $3.3 billion spent by US & CS
• More than 2x all US government
spending 1787-1860 combined
• War debts monopolized US
economy for decades
Slaves were freed
• Southern slaves were freed by
US Army as it invaded
• Eman Proc didn’t immediately
free slaves in US territory
–Those were freed within a few
months after war ended
th
13
Amendment
• Passed by Congress during war
• Ratified by required number of
states by end of 1865
• Abolished slavery & involuntary
servitude except as criminal
punishment
Changes to everyday life
• Many soldiers stayed in military
– Fought natives in west
• Many went to big cities or out
west to find fortune
• R.E. Lee became college
president
• Clara Barton founded Red Cross
Lincoln’s
nd
2
inauguration
• Pled for reconciliation with south
“With malice toward none; with charity for all;
with firmness in the right, as God gives us to
see the right, let us strive on to finish the
work we are in; to bind up the nation's
wounds; to care for him who shall have
borne the battle, and for his widow, and his
orphan—to do all which may achieve and
cherish a just and lasting peace, among
ourselves, and with all nations.”
Lincoln’s assassination
• April 14, 1865
– Only 5 days after Lee’s surrender
• Attended play called Our
American Cousin with wife Mary
– Actor John Wilkes Booth shot him
in the head during the play
John Wilkes Booth
• American actor
• Strong southern
sympathizer
• Sic semper
tyrannis
– “Thus ever to
tyrants”
John Wilkes Booth
• Escaped theater
and ran for 12 days
• Shot in a barn he
was hiding in
• Co-conspirators
tried & executed
Aftermath of assassination
• Funeral train traveled from
Washington DC to Springfield, IL
– Several million mourners went out
to see it travel by
• Lincoln didn’t leave detailed
postwar plans for reunification
What you need to know
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Economic changes b/c of Civil War
Changes to south after Civil War
13th amendment
Lincoln’s 2nd inauguration speech
Lincoln’s assassination
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjxbbtjSAA