Transcript Slide 1
Reconstruction Freedmen in the South Carolina Sea Islands Write about it! “Imagine that you have two sons. Your older son has been bullying and fighting your younger son. The older son says he is upset because the younger son gets more attention. You punish your son, and he responds by running away from home. Before he leaves, he steals $500 from you. What would you do when your son returns? Would you punish him harshly so he won’t do it again, or be lenient with him if he promises not to do it again? Explain your choice.” Information you need: Fill in the Blank! Reconstruction 13th,14th, 15th Amendments The Reconstruction Amendments expanded rights to African Americans. The 13th abolished slavery, the 14th granted citizenship to former slaves, and the 15th granted the right to vote to all adult male citizens. Information you need: Fill in the Blank! Sharecropping (They let you use the land in return for share of the crops produced) Some freed slaves were able to take advantage of the opportunities given to them by the government, but most organizations created to help freed slaves were under-funded and most freed slaves ended up working on plantations or sharecropping much like they had before. Information you need: Fill in the Blank! Sharecropping (They let you use the land in return for share of the crops produced) Some freed slaves were able to take advantage of the opportunities given to them by the government, but most organizations created to help freed slaves were under-funded and most freed slaves ended up working on plantations or sharecropping much like they had before. Effects of the Civil War Reconstruction: Led by Lincoln’s successor, Andrew Johnson, Reconstruction was the process of healing the nation after the Civil War. o The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to help former slaves by providing food, clothing, education, and medical care. o The Reconstruction Act of 1867 imposed military rule in the south and required that states ratify the 14th Amendment before they could rejoin the union. Effects of the Civil War Reconstruction: Despite the best efforts of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments and the Freedmen’s Bureau, life wasn’t easy for African Americans, Black Codes limited freedoms and the Ku Klux Klan intimidated them. Many freed slaves and poor white people could not afford the land to grow their own food and became sharecroppers; trading working and a portion of the crops in exchange for land, seed, and materials. SHARE YOUR ANSWERS! How to answer multiple Choice Questions in STAAR Examine the question. Read the entire question. Study any pictures, charts, passages, or maps. Recall what you know about the topic. Feel free to jot notes on your test. Answer the question. Check all of the answer choices and eliminate any choices that are obviously wrong. Answer the Questions on your own We will discuss the answers and HOW you answered. (Teacher may model one) STOP More information about reconstruction will follow in the next lesson. The End of the Civil War When the Union won the Civil War the big questions were: Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederacy http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/int egrate/chron2.htm What should Southern states have to do to be readmitted to the Union? What should happen to southerners who participated in the war effort? What should happen to the newly emancipated slaves? Views of Reconstruction Republican leaders agreed that slavery had to be permanently destroyed and all forms of Confederate nationalism had to be suppressed Moderates thought this could be accomplished as soon as Confederate armies surrendered and the southern states repealed secession and ratified the 13th Amendment All of this happened by the end of September 1865 General Lee surrendering to General Grant at Appomattox Courthouse http://www.ct.gov/mil/lib/mil/pictures/civilwar/thesurrende r.jpg Johnson Alienates Radical Republicans President Andrew Johnson http://www.army.mil/cmhpg/books/cg&csa/_notes/20a.jpg President Johnson supported votes for Black army veterans in 1864 and 1865 By 1866, however, Johnson broke with the moderate Republicans and aligned himself with the Democrats who opposed equality and opposed the Fourteenth Amendment Radicals attacked Johnson’s policies, especially his 10% Plan and his veto of the Civil Rights Bill for the Freedmen Plans for Reconstruction Led by Charles Sumner and Thaddeus Stevens, the Radical Republicans wanted the Southern states to be punished for their treasonous behavior They called for harsh punishment of Confederate officers and soldiers and equal rights for Freedmen http://www.msp.umb.edu/afam/AfAm ResearchQuestions.html Radical Republicans Gain Control of Congress “Time Works Wonders” by Thomas Nast http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/BrowseByDateCartoon.as p?Month=April&Date=9 The election of 1866 dramatically changed the balance of power in congress, giving the Radical Republicans enough votes to overcome Johnson's vetoes Though he avoided (by one vote) the Radical Republican attempt to impeach him Johnson remained almost powerless regarding Reconstruction policy Radical Reconstruction Radical Republicans implemented a federal reconstruction plan They used the Army to combat the effect of black codes and enforce new laws that guaranteed rights to African Americans in Southern states Federal reconstruction took the vote away from 10,000 to 15,000 white men who had been Confederate officials or soldiers Radical Republican Leaders http://lfa.atu.edu/ssphil/people/ssjw/us2/presrecon.htm Black Codes African American men who were arrested for vagrancy due to unemployment http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/civilwar/16/reconstruc tion1.html White Southerners sought ways to control newly freed African Americans They wrote Black Codes to regulate civil and legal rights, from marriage to the right to hold and sell property In many ways the codes guaranteed African Americans would continue working as farm laborers The Civil Rights Act of 1866 The Civil Rights Act of 1866 gave rights to freed slaves including the rights to make contracts, sue, witness in court, and own private property President Johnson vetoed the bill saying it would "operate in favor of the colored and against the white race“ Congress overrode the presidential veto in April of 1866 The act declared that all persons born in the U.S. were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition of servitude, excluding Indians Former Slaves and Wounded Union Veterans Celebrating the Passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/fimage/gildedage/image.php?id =3490 The 14th Amendment In order to ensure permanent change the 14th amendment granted citizenship to African Americans The amendment also guaranteed the right to due process under the law to African Americans http://www.fbi.gov/publications/leb/2005/ june2005/june05leb_img_29.jpg The 15th Amendment Granted African American men suffrage in 1870 This did not guarantee African American men would be allowed access to their local polls Violence against African Americans at polling places was common Literacy tests, poll taxes and other voter qualification laws became common The First Black Voters http://www.harpweek.com/09Cartoon/Bro wseByDateCartoon.asp?Month=November &Date=14 African Americans Vote Hiram Revels, the first African American elected to the U.S. Senate http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodis play.pl?index=R000166 Slowly Southern states held elections in which Freedmen voted These elections usually produced Republican state governments For the first time African Americans were elected to local, state and federal offices The End of Radical Reconstruction Federal Reconstruction ended in 1876 with the election of Rutherford B. Hayes to the presidency A few weeks after taking office Hayes issued an order for the removal of all federal soldiers stationed in the South The end of Reconstruction led to a drastic reduction of rights for African Americans President Rutherford Hayes http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/list/057_pra3.h tml