Transcript Unit 3 Pre Civil War - Browerville Public Schools

Unit 3 Pre Civil War
Land Settlements
Louisiana Purchase
Missouri Compromise
Land of Cotton
Industrial Revolution
Louisiana Purchase
◦ New ruler of France Napoleon Bonaparte
wanted to build and expand a French empire
 Hoped to regain French land in North America
 In 1800 in a secret treaty was signed giving
Louisiana and New Orleans back to France
◦ Access to New Orleans was vital to American
commerce
 Farmers in the west needed to ship their goods
down the river
 1802, port of New Orleans was closed to American
shipping
Lewis and Clark Expedition

Lewis and Clark Expedition
◦ Americans knew very little about the people and land
of this new territory
◦ Didn’t even know the exact size and boundaries they
purchased
◦ Jefferson also wanted to see if there was a river route
to the Pacific Ocean
◦ Lewis and Clark
 Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis was Jefferson’s secretary and
William Clark was an experience frontiersman
 Main Goal was to reach the Pacific Ocean
 Left St Louis May 1804- returned September 106
 Along the way they acquired a valuable guide: a young
Shoshone woman, Sacagawea
 Able to document survey of the land, rivers, plants, animals
and people
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=29T_40F_Urc&feature=related
Missouri Compromise

Missouri Compromise
◦ 1819 Missouri applied to join the Union, but
there were 22 states already in the Union: 11 free
states and 11 slave states
 In the North slavery was illegal and in the South slavery
was legal
 Adding Missouri would make it uneven
◦ Compromise
 Missouri added as a slave state, Maine added as a free
state
 Banned slavery in the Northern part of the Louisiana
Territory north of 36 30 parallel
Industrial Revolution

Industrial Revolution-replacement of
human power with machine power
◦ Began in Great Britain’s textile
industry(clothing industry)
 Late 1700’s a series of machines were invented that
used power from running water and steam engines
to spin and weave cloth
 British made it illegal for anyone with knowledge of
industrial machines to leave the country
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Efq-aNBkvc
◦ Samuel Slater
 Worked at a textile mill in Great Britain and
boarded a ship dressed as a farm laborer
 Known as the father of the Industrial Revolution
 Built a textile mill on a river which became the first
US textile mill
◦ Urbanization
 Industrialization leads to urbanization
 People left the farm for the cities to work in mills
and factories
Transportation Revolution

Transportation and Communication
◦ Roads and Canals
 National Road was built in 1811: 800 miles from
Cumberland Maryland to Vandalia Illinois
◦ Erie Canal-1825
 363 mile long canal connected the Great lakes to
the Hudson River and to the Atlantic Ocean
 Cost of shipping and the shipping time decreased
 Led to New York City becoming a gateway for
domestic and foreign trade
◦ Steamboat
 1807 Robert Fulton started the first steamboat service
with his steamboat the Clermont
◦ Railroads
 1840 there were 3,000 miles of track in the country
 Led to the decline in the canal craze
◦ Telegraph
 1840 Samuel Morse patented the first telegraph-sends
messages through electricity in wires
 Telegraph wires would soon crisscross the nation
 Industrial Revolution was accompanied by a
transportation revolution and a communication
revolution
King Cotton

King Cotton
◦ Cotton gin: invented by Eli Whitney allowed a
worker to clean 50 times more cotton than by
hand
 Demand for cotton was high in the south both at home
and abroad
 With the textile industries booming in the North cotton
was needed
◦ Combination of the new cotton gin and the huge
demand for cotton encouraged farmers to begin
growing more and more cotton
 Growing cotton was a way to get rich very quickly
 Such a huge part of the economy in the South it was
known as “King Cotton”
◦ Spread of Slavery
 Growing cotton was a very labor intensive
enterprise
 Farmers turned to enslaved African Americans to
raise and pick the cotton
 As the farmers became wealthier, the size of their
plantation grew as well and so was the need for
labor
 Planters knew that the more slaves they used, the
more cotton they could grow and the more money
they make, making it a powerful incentive to
maintain slavery in the South

Differences in the North and South
◦ Northern economy was centered around the
Industrial Revolution and trade while the
South focused on agriculture
 Urbanization spread much more rapidly in the
North
 Southerners saw little need for labor saving devices
◦ Largest difference was about slavery
 Vital part of the Southern Economy
 Northerners viewed it as an evil