Transcript The United States’ Major Bodies of Water

United States History to 1877
Review
Which body of water was the
gateway to the west?
Ohio River
Which body of water located in the
Midwest would you find inland port
cities?
The Great Lakes
Which body of water provided the
French and Spanish with
exploration routes to Mexico and
other parts of America?
Gulf of Mexico
Which body of water was a
highway for explorers, early
settlers, and later immigrants?
Atlantic Ocean
Which body of water was
explored by Lewis and Clark?
Columbia River
Which body of water forms the
border between Mexico and the
United States?
Rio Grande
Which two bodies of water were
transportation arteries for industrial
and farm products?
Mississippi and
Missouri Rivers
Which bodies of water was have
allowed the United States access
to other areas of the world?
Atlantic and
Pacific Oceans
How do bodies of water create
links to other areas?
Support trade,
transportation, and
settlement
Which geographical region has
broad lowlands and many excellent
harbors?
Coastal Plain
Which geographical region is
located along the Atlantic Ocean
and Gulf of Mexico?
Coastal Plain
Which geographical region has
rolling flat lands with many rivers?
Interior Lowlands
Which geographical region has
broad river valleys and grassy
hills?
Interior Lowlands
Which geographical region is
located west of the Coastal Plain?
Appalachian
Mountains
Which geographical region has the
oldest mountain range in North
America?
Appalachian
Mountains
Which geographical region extends
from eastern Canada to western
Alabama?
Appalachian
Mountains
Which geographical region has
eroded mountains?
Appalachian
Mountains
Which geographical region is
wrapped around the Hudson Bay
and shaped like a horseshoe?
Canadian
Shield
Which geographical region has hills
worn by erosion and hundreds of
lakes carved by glaciers?
Canadian Shield
Which geographical region is
located west the Appalachian
Mountains and east of the Great
Plains?
Interior Lowlands
Which geographical region is
located west of the Interior
Lowlands and east of the Rocky
Mountains?
Great Plains
Which geographical region has flat
land that gradually increases in
elevation westward?
Great Plains
Which geographical region
consist of grasslands?
Great Plains
Which geographical region is
located west of the Great Plains
and east of the Basin and Range?
Rocky
Mountains
Which geographical region has
rugged mountains stretching from
Alaska almost to Mexico?
Rocky Mountains
Which geographical region
contains the Continental Divide?
Rocky Mountains
Which geographical region
consist of high elevations?
Rocky Mountains
Which geographical region is
located west of the Rocky
Mountains and east of the Sierra
Nevadas and the Cascades?
Basin and Range
Which geographical region is
consist of Death Valley?
Basin and Range
What is the lowest point in North
America?
Death Valley
Which geographical region
contains isolated mountain ranges?
Basin and Range
Which geographical region has
rugged mountains along the Pacific
Coast?
Coastal Range
Which geographical region
contains fertile valleys?
Coastal Range
Which geographical region
stretches from California to
Canada?
Coastal Range
Which American Indian group
inhabited present day Alaska and
Northern Canada?
Inuit
Which American Indian group
lived in Arctic areas?
Inuit
Which American Indian group
lived in freezing temperatures?
Inuit
Which American Indian group
inhabited the Pacific Northwest
Coast?
Kwakiutl
Which American Indian group
lived in a rainy mild climate?
Kwakiutl
Which American Indian group lived
in the heavily forested Northeast?
Iroquois
How did geography and climate
impact how American Indian
groups met their basic needs?
Shelter was made of
resources found in
their environment.
What are some examples of
resources used by Native
Americans to build their shelter?
Sod, stones, animal
skins, and wood.
Which American Indian group
inhabited the Southwest?
Pueblo
Which American Indian group
inhabited present-day New Mexico
and Arizona?
Pueblo
Which American Indian group
inhabited desert areas and areas
bordering cliffs and mountains?
Pueblo
Which American Indian group
inhabited the interior of the United
States characterized by dry
grasslands?
Lakota
Which American Indian group
inhabited the Eastern Woodlands?
Iroquois
Name the American Indian
group for each location on the
map.
What economic reasons
motivated explorers?
Gold, natural
resources, and trade
What religious reason encouraged
European exploration?
Spread of
Christianity
How did competition encourage
exploration?
Build an empire and
belief in superiority
of own culture
Name four obstacles to
exploration?
• poor maps and navigational
tools
• fear of the unknown
• disease/starvation,
• lack of adequate supplies
What are three accomplishments of
exploration?
• Exchanged goods and ideas
• Improved navigational tools and ships
• Claimed territories
Who claimed the Southwest for
Spain?
Francisco
Coronado
What settlement did Samuel
Champlain establish?
Quebec
What area did Robert La Salle
claim?
Mississippi River
Valley
What area did John Cabot
explore?
Eastern Canada
Which explorer settled each of
these areas?
From which European country
did these explorers travel?
What area did the Portuguese
explore?
West Africa
What European group conquered
and enslaved the American
Indians?
Spanish
What European country brought
Christianity to the New World?
Spanish
Which European country brought
diseases that destroyed Native
American population?
Spanish
Which European country
established trading posts?
French
Which European country was most
influential in spreading Christianity?
French
Which European country
established settlements and
claimed ownership of land?
English
Which European country learned
farming techniques from the
American Indian?
English
Which European country traded
with the First Americans?
English
Which interactions between
Europeans and American Indians
were examples of cooperation?
• Europeans brought
weapons and metal tools
• Trade
• Crops
Which interactions between
Europeans and American Indians
were examples of conflict?
•
•
•
•
•
Land
Competition for trade
Differences in cultures
Disease
Language difference
Which three west African societies
became powerful by controlling
trade?
• Mali
• Songhai
• Ghana
From 300 to 1600 AD, which area
did Ghana, Mali, and Songhai
dominate?
West Africa
What did the Portuguese trade with
African societies to obtain gold?
Metals, cloth, and
other manufactured
goods from Europe
Which colony was established as
an economic venture but was NOT
successful?
Roanoke Island
What was the first permanent
English settlement in North
America?
Jamestown
Which colony was started in 1607
as an economic venture for
England?
Jamestown
Who financed the first
permanent English settlement?
Virginia Company
Who settled the Plymouth
Colony?
Separatists from the
Church of England
Why was the Plymouth colony
settled?
Separatists who
wanted to avoid
religious persecution
What religious group settled the
Massachusetts Bay Colony?
Puritans
For what reason was the
Massachusetts Bay Colony
settled?
Puritans who wanted
to avoid religious
persecution
What religious group settled
Pennsylvania?
Quakers
Who settled Georgia?
People who had
been in debtor’s
prisons in England
What did English debtors hope
to do in the New World?
Experience a new life
in the colony and
economic freedom
Which colonial region would have
hilly terrain, rocky soil and a jagged
coastline?
New England
Which colonial region would you
find many diverse religions?
Mid-Atlantic
Which colonial region would you
find market towns?
Mid-Atlantic
Which colonial region contains
the Boston Harbor?
New England
Which colonial region would laws
have been in town meetings?
New England
Which colonial region would you
find religious reformers?
New England
Which colonial region would the
Church of England be the
center of life?
South
Which colonial region would people
have made a living by fishing,
shipbuilding, and naval supplies?
New England
Which colonial region would you
find the geographical features:
Piedmont and the Atlantic Coastal
Plain?
South
Which colonial region would you
find a humid climate?
South
Which colonial region would you
find large plantations, cash crops
and slavery?
South
Which colonial region would there
be counties with few cities, few
schools?
South
Livestock, grain, and fish are
examples of specialization for
which colonial region?
Mid-Atlantic
Which colonial region would large
land owners live in mansion on
plantations?
South
What were the capital resources for
all colonial regions?
Tools and
buildings
Unskilled and skilled workers were
human resources for which colonial
region?
Mid-Atlantic
The New England colonies
depended on the Southern colonies
for crops such as tobacco, rice,
cotton, and indigo, and for forest
products such as lumber, tar, and
pitch. They depended on the MidAtlantic colonies for livestock and
grains. Of what is this an example?
Mid-Atlantic
What is an indentured servants?
Men and women who did not have
money for passage to the
colonies and agreed to work
without pay for the person who
paid for their passage
Which colonial groups relied on
family members for labor?
farmers
What colonial group worked as
craftsmen?
artisans
What colonial group worked as
caretakers, houseworkers, and
homemakers?
women
What colonial groups could not
vote?
Women and free
African
Americans
What colonial group were sold
and treated as property?
Enslaved African
Americans
Who controlled colonial trade?
England
Why did England need to tax
the colonies?
To pay for the French
and Indian War
What did colonies trade for
manufactured goods?
Raw materials
Who enforced colonial laws?
Colonial
governors
Who made colonial laws?
Colonial
legislatures
Who appointed the colonial
governors?
The King or the
proprietor
What was the economical
relationship between England and
the colonies?
England tried to establish
and maintain control over
colonial trade
What was the political relationship
between England and the
colonies?
Colonists had to
obey English laws
What were two reasons for Britain’s
taxation of the colonies?
• finance the French and Indian War
• Help maintain British troops in the
colonies
What were sources for colonial
dissatisfaction?
• No representation in Parliament
• Colonial resentment of the power of the
colonial governors
• Opposition to taxes
• Proclamation of 1763
What was the purpose of the
Proclamation of 1763?
Restricted the
western movement
of settlers
What British law-making body did
the colonists feel that they had no
representation?
Parliament
Why did Britain want to control
the colonies?
• Britain wanted to remain a
world power
• Raise revenue to pay for the
French and Indian War
In what document is this excerpt?
“People have certain unalienable
rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit
of happiness”
Declaration of
Independence
Whose ideas were used in the
Declaration of Independence?
European Philosophers
Which document addresses the
inalienable rights of life, liberty and
the pursuit of happiness?
Declaration of
Independence
What are the key points of the
Declaration of Independence ?
• People have certain inalienable rights
• People establish governments to
protect those rights
• People have a right and duty to
change a government that violates
their rights
Which document proclaimed
independence from England?
Declaration of
Independence
From where did Thomas Jefferson
believe government derived its
power?
The people
Why are governments
established?
To protect the
rights of the
people
What can people do when
governments fails to protect their
rights?
Have the duty and
right to change the
government
What inherent rights did the
Declaration of Independence
emphasize?
Natural Rights
Life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness
Who was the British king during
the Revolutionary era?
King George III
Who was the British general
who surrender to Yorktown?
Lord Cornwallis
Who was the commander of the
continental army?
George
Washington
What colonial leader championed
the cause of independence?
John Adams
Who was the major author of the
Declaration of Independence?
Thomas
Jefferson
What outspoken member of the
House of Burgesses proclaimed,
“Give me liberty or give me
death!”?
Patrick Henry
What prominent member of the
Continental Congress help frame
the Declaration of Independence?
Benjamin
Franklin
What former slave wrote poems
and plays supporting American
independence?
Phyllis Wheatley
What patriot warned the colonist,
“The British are coming!”?
Paul Revere
In which event were colonist shot
after taunting British soldiers?
Boston Massacre
In which event did Samuel Adams
and Paul Revere lead patriots to
throw tea in a harbor?
Boston Tea Party
In which event did delegates meet
to discuss problems with England
and promote independence?
First Continental
Congress
In which event did the first armed
conflict occur during the American
Revolution?
Battle of Lexington
and Concord
When was the Declaration of
Independence approved?
July 4, 1776
Which battle was the turning point
of the American Revolution?
Battle of
Saratoga
What was the final battle of the
Revolutionary War?
Surrender at
Yorktown
What did the battle at Yorktown
signify?
Marked the end of
the Revolutionary
War
Who was defeated at
Yorktown?
Lord Cornwallis
What document recognized
American independence?
Treaty of Paris
Why were the colonist able to
defeat Great Britain?
• Colonist:
–were defending their own land,
principles, and beliefs
–Had support from France
–Had strong leadership
What was the first written plan
of government for the nation?
Articles of
Confederation
Name the weaknesses of the
Articles of Confederation?
• Weak national government
• Congress had no power to tax or regulate
commerce among states
• No common currency
• Each state had one vote regardless of size
• No executive or judicial branch
The Articles of Confederation
provided for what type of national
government?
Weak
The Articles of Confederation gave
each state how many votes?
One
The Articles of Confederation did
not provide for which two branches
of government?
Executive and
Judicial
The Articles of Confederation did
not give Congress the ability to do
what regarding trade?
regulate
The Articles of Confederation lead
to the construction of which
document?
The Constitution of
the United States
Why did state delegates met in
Philadelphia?
To decide not to revise the
Articles of Confederation but
to write a new constitution
Who was elected president of
the Constitutional Convention?
George Washington
What did delegates debated?
how much power should be
given to the new national
government and how large
and small states should be
represented in the new
government
What did the Great Compromise
decided?
how many votes each
state would have in
the Senate and the
House of
Representatives
What was signed at the end of
the convention?
The Constitution
A minimum of how many of the
thirteen states had to vote in
favor of the Constitution before
it could become law.
Nine
What was based on the Virginia
Declaration of Rights and the
Virginia Statute for Religious
Freedom?
The Bill of Rights
Who wrote the Virginia
Declaration of Rights?
George Mason
Who wrote the Virginia Statute for
Religious Freedom?
Thomas
Jefferson
What were the first ten
amendments to the Constitution
called?
The Bill of Rights
What are three specific written
guarantees of individual rights in
the Bill of Rights?
Freedom of
Speech, Freedom
of Religion
Under which of the first five
presidents was the federal court
system established?
George
Washington
Under which of the first five
presidents did the Bill of Rights
become a part of the US
Constitution?
George
Washington
Under which of the first five
presidents did plans for the national
capital develop?
George
Washington
Under which of the first five
presidents did Benjamin Banneker
help complete the designs for the
national capital?
George
Washington
Under which of the first five
presidents did the two party system
emerge?
John Adams
Under which of the first five
presidents was the Louisiana
territory purchased?
Thomas
Jefferson
Under which of the first five
presidents had Lewis and Clark
explore the land west of the
Mississippi?
Thomas
Jefferson
Under which of the first five
presidents did the War of 1812
occur?
James Madison
What was the result of the War
of 1812?
European nations
gained respect for
the United States
What was the purpose of the
Monroe Doctrine?
Warned European nations
to not interfere in the
Western Hemisphere
Which of the first five Presidents
gave a warning to European
nations?
James Monroe
Who was the famous African
American astronomer and surveyor
who helped to design the national
city?
Benjamin
Banneker
What new territories were
added between 1801 and 1861?
•
•
•
•
•
Louisiana Territory
Florida
Texas
Oregon
California
Which territory was purchased
from France?
Louisiana
Purchase
Which territory doubled the size
of the United States?
Louisiana
Territory
Which territory was gained
through a treaty with Spain?
Florida
Which territory was added after it
became an independent republic?
Texas
Which territory was divided by the
United States and Great Britain?
Oregon
Which territory was gained as a
result of war with Mexico?
California
How far did Lewis and Clark
explore the Louisiana Purchase?
Mississippi River to
the Pacific Ocean
Name the Territories on the map.
What two factors influenced
westward expansion prior to the
Civil War?
Geography and
Economy
How did population in the east
influence westward movement?
Population grew in
eastern states which
forced people west
What economic factors encouraged
westward movement?
• Gold (California Gold Rush),
• logging,
• farming,
• freedom (runaway slaves)
What economic opportunities were
available in areas like California?
Gold
What types of transportation made
westward movement cheaper and
faster?
•Rivers and Canals
•steamboats
What canal made it faster for
steamboats to pass through?
Erie Canal
What overland trails allowed for
westward movement?
Oregon and
Santa Fe
What is Manifest Destiny?
The idea that expansion
was for the good of the
country and was the right
of the country
Who invented the cotton gin?
Eli Whitney
How did the cotton gin impact
the need for slave labor?
It increased the
production of cotton
and more slaves
What invention did Jo Anderson
and Cyrus McCormick
create?/Which of them was an
entrepreneur?
Reaper
Cyrus McCormick
How did the reaper impact the
farm production?
Increased the
productivity of the
American farmer
Who was Robert Fulton?
The entrepreneur
who improved
the steamboat
How did the steamboat help to
connect?
Provided for faster river
transportation connecting
Southern plantations to
Northern industries
What impact did the steam
locomotive have transportation?
Provided for faster
land transportation
What did abolitionist believe?
Slavery was morally wrong,
cruel and inhumane, and
violated the principles of
democracy
What was the Suffrage
movement?
The movement led by strong
women who began their
campaign before the Civil War
and continued after the war
ended
Who were three abolitionist
and?
Harriet Tubman
William Lloyd Garrison
Frederick Douglass
In which movement would you
most likely hear “All men and
women were created equal”?
Suffrage
Movement
Three prominent leaders during
the Suffrage Movement?
Isabel Sojourner Truth
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Who was Susan B. Anthony?
Suffrage Movement
leader
Who was Elizabeth Cady
Stanton?
Suffrage Movement
leader
What did the South begin to
proclaim as a means of selfprotection from the North prior to
the Civil War?
States’ rights
What was the North’s belief
regarding the Nation prior to the
Civil War?
The nation was a
union and could not
be divided
What type of issues divided the
nation prior to the Civil War?
•
•
•
•
Cultural
Economic
Constitutional
Slavery
How did the issue of slavery
divide the nation?
The South relied on
slave labor while the
North did not
How did the North and South
differ in culture?
• North was mainly an
urban/manufacturing society
• South was primarily
agricultural
How did many people in the
urban North earn a living?
People held jobs
in factories
What characterized the culture
of the South?
People lived in small
villages and on farms
and plantations
How did the cultural issues make it
difficult for the North and the
South?
It became very difficult for
the two to agree on
social and political issues
What were some economic issues
that divided the North and South?
The North was a
manufacturing region while
the South was agricultural
region
Why did the North favor tariffs?
Tariffs protected factory
owners and workers from
foreign competition
Why did the South oppose
tariffs?
Tariffs would cause prices
of manufactured goods
to increase
How would tariffs impact Southern
economy prior to the Civil War?
England may stop buying
cotton from the South if
tariffs were added
What was the constitutional
difference between the North and
South?
States’ rights versus
a strong central
government
If the South did not agree with a
federal law, what did they believe
they should have the power to do?
The South believed they
had the power to declare
any national law illegal
What did the North believe was the
power of the national government?
The North believed the
national government was
supreme over that of the
states
How did the South feel about
slavery?
South- abolition of
slavery would
destroy the region
How did the North feel about
slavery?
North- abolition of
slavery for moral
reasons
What compromises did the nation
attempt to resolve their issues prior
to the Civil War?
• Missouri Compromise (1820)
• Compromise of 1850
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
What was the Missouri
Compromise in 1820?
Missouri would enter the
union as a slave state, while
Maine would enter as a free
state
What was the Compromise of
1850?
California was a free state,
while the Southwest
territories would decide
about slavery
What was the Kansas-Nebraska
Act?
People decided
the slavery issue
The concept of having the people
decide the slavery issue is an
example of what?
Popular
sovereignty
What prompted Southern
Secession?
Abraham Lincoln’s
election
What began the Civil War?
Confederate forces
attacked Fort Sumter
in South Carolina
How did many Southerners view
states and the formation of the
Union?
States freely created and
joined the union and could
freely leave the union
How did Abraham Lincoln and
many Northerners view states and
the formation of the Union?
United States was on
nation that could not be
separated or divided
On which side did these states
fight? Alabama, Arkansas, Florida,
Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi,
North Carolina, South Carolina,
Texas, Tennessee, and Virginia
The South-They
seceded from
the Union
Of the states that remained with the
Union, which states were Border
states (slave states)?
Delaware, Kentucky,
Maryland, and
Missouri
Who issued the Emancipation
Proclamation?
Abraham Lincoln
Who was president of the
Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis
Who was general of the Union
army that defeated Lee?
Ulysses S. Grant
Who was a skilled Confederate
general from Virginia?
Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson
Who was a former slaver who
escaped to the North and became
an abolitionist?
Frederick Douglass
Who was offered the command of
the Union forces, but chose to not
fight against Virginians?
Robert E. Lee
Who opposed secession, but did
not believe the union should be
held together by force?
Robert E. Lee
Who urged Southerners to accept
defeat at the end of the war and
reunite as Americans when some
wanted to continue to fight ?
Robert E. Lee
Who wrote the Gettysburg
Address?
Abraham Lincoln
Who was determined to preserve
the Union by force if necessary?
Abraham Lincoln
What was the Gettysburg
Address?
Speech given by Abraham
Lincoln in which he said the
Civil War was to preserve a
government “of the people, by
the people, and for the
people.”
What battle began the Civil
War?
Firing on Fort Sumter,
S.C.
What battle was the first major
battle?
Battle of Manassas
What is another name for the
Battle of Manassas?
Bull Run
How did the Emancipation
Proclamation impact the Civil War?
It made “freeing the
slaves” the new focus
of the war
What was the significance of the
Battle of Vicksburg?
It divided the South and
the North controlled
the Mississippi River
What was the significance of the
Battle of Gettysburg?
It was the turning point
of the war. The North
repelled Lee’s
invasion.
What was the significance of
Appomattox Court House?
Lee surrender to Grant
in 1865 which ended
the war.
What southern ports did the
Union block?
Savannah, Charleston,
and New Orleans.
Which locations were examples of
each forces trying to capture capital
cities?
Richmond
Capital of the
Confederacy
Washington, D.C.
Which location was an attempt to
move to higher ground during the
Civil War?
Gettysburg
How were families impacted by
the Civil War?
Families were often
pitted against one
another
How did Southern troops
compare to Northern troops?
Southern troops were
increasingly younger
and poorly equipped
and clothed
How did the Civil War impact
much of the South?
Much of the South was
devastated - Atlanta
and Richmond were
burned
Who was Clara Barton?
Civil War nurse and
creator of the Red
Cross
How were women impacted by
the Civil War?
Women were left to run
businesses in the North
and farms and
plantations in the South
When the Confederacy collapsed,
what happened to Confederate
money?
It was worthless
How did the Civil War impact
African Americans?
• fought for Union/Used ship
workers, cooks, laborers and
camp workers in the both the
Confederacy
• Less pay
• Discrimination
• Served in segregated units
Who was Robert Smalls?
a sailor and later a
Union naval captain
What was Robert Smalls honored
for during the Civil War?
Bravery and heroism
What did Robert Smalls do after
the Civil War?
He became a
Congressman