Transcript United States Presidential Elections of 1860 and 1968 Emily

UNITED STATES PRESIDENTIAL
ELECTIONS OF 1860 AND 1968
Emily Dingwell
AP US History
Election of 1860

Four political parties each supplied a candidate.
Republican – Abraham Lincoln
 Southern Democratic – John C. Breckinridge
 Northern Democratic – Stephen A. Douglas
 Constitutional Union – John Bell


Main issues included:
Slavery
 States Rights & Secession

Abraham Lincoln
He was the Presidential
Nominee for the Republican
Party.
 His running mate was
Hannibal Hamlin.
 Was a politician from Illinois.
 Was born in Kentucky to a
frontier family.
 Was married to Mary Todd and
had 4 sons, but only one son
reached adulthood.

John C. Breckinridge
The Southern Democratic
party nominated him as their
Presidential candidate.
 Was a Representative from
Kentucky.
 Ran with Joseph Lane.
 Fought for the Confederacy
during the Civil War

Stephen A. Douglas
He was the Presidential
Candidate for the Northern
Democratic Party.
 Herschel Vespasian Johnson
was his running mate
 Was a Illinois Senator.
 He won the Senate race
against Lincoln in 1859.
 In the debates against Lincoln
for the Senate seat, he issued
the infamous Freeport Doctrine,
which contributed immensely to
the Southern opposition.

John Bell
John Bell was the
presidential nominee
for the Constitutional
Union party.
 Ran with Edward
Everrett.
 Was a Senator from
Tennessee.
 Served as Speaker of
the House from 1834 –
1835

The Breaking of the Democratic Party
The democratic Party split into two sections
during the election of 1860.
 After intense and very heated debates at the first
Democratic National Convention, the party
separated to have
two separate
conventions.

The Nation
Was Torn Apart
Slavery
Lincoln & Republicans:
Free Soil, Contain
Slavery where it is and it
will eventually die out.
Douglas & Northern
Democrats:
Popular Sovereignty, let
the people vote on
slavery in the territories.
Breckinridge &
Southern Democrats:
Federal Slave Code,
allow slavery in all the
territories
Bell & Constitutional
Unionists
Vague Policy on slavery
Slavery was a critical issue, it
tore the nation apart more than
any other issue.
 However, no candidate wanted
to outlaw slavery completely

Secession
Even before the
election, many
Southern States
were threatening
to Secede from
the Union.
 After Lincoln
won the election, the Secession crisis worsened
because Southern Leaders realized that they
could not control the federal government any
longer.
 Both Lincoln and Bell wanted to preserve the
Union, and keep the country together.

Election Results
Lincoln won the election with 180 electoral votes,
and 39.9% of the popular vote.
 Breckinridge won most of the Southern states to
take second with 72
electoral votes.
 Douglas won 29.5% of
the popular vote, but
only 12 electoral votes.
 Bell won 39 electoral
votes, with 12.5% of the
popular vote

ELECTION OF 1968

There were three major candidates
Richard M. Nixon – Republican
 Hubert Humphrey – Democratic
 George C. Wallace – American Independent


The primary issues were:
Vietnam War
 Civil Rights & “Law and Order”

Richard M. Nixon
He was the Republican
Presidential Candidate.
 Ran with Spiro Agnew.
 Nixon served as Vice
President under Dwight D.
Eisenhower from 1953 to
1961.
 He ran for president before,
in 1960, and was defeated
by JFK.
 He then ran, unsuccessfully,
for governor of California in
1962.

Hubert Humphery
He was the Democratic
Presidential Candidate.
 Edmund Muskie was his
running mate.
 Was the standing Vice
President under Lyndon B.
Johnson.
 Was a pharmacist for 7
years and worked in his
father’s drug store.

George Wallace
He was a third party
candidate, running for the
American Independent Party.
 Ran with Curtis LeMay on
the Vice Presidential ticket.
 Served as Governor of
Alabama for 4 terms, 19631967, 1971-1975, 1975-1979,
and 1983-1987.
 He ran for President 3 other
times, but this was the only
election where he ran as an
Independent.

Vietnam War
Students Protesting
the Vietnam War
Many riots and
demonstrations were held
in protest of the war.
The Vietnam War was a
major political and social
issue
Soldiers in Combat in Vietnam
Vietnam War cont.
Both Nixon and
Humphrey promised
to end the war if they
were elected.
 Nixon was very
unspecific with the
details of how.
 Humphrey promised to stop bombing the country
to create peace.
 Wallace didn’t have a plan to end the war and his
running mate, LeMay, seemed to support it.

Civil Rights
While Civil Rights was a
major
social issue during 1968, it
didn’t play much into the
election.
 Wallace ran on a campaign of
“law and order,” to “protect”
whit communities from black
crime. He often favored
segregation while governor of
Alabama
 Nixon’s running mate,
Agnew, often referred to
ethnic minorities by
derogatory names which got

Tommie Smith
and John Carlos
protest at the
1968 Olympics
Election Results
Richard Nixon won the election with 301
electoral votes and 43.4% of the popular vote.
 Humphrey came in a close
second with 42.7% of the
popular vote and 191
electoral votes.
 Wallace finished with a
respectable 46 electoral
votes
 This election had the
second smallest margin in
the popular vote in 76
years.



http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?pp/PPALL:@field(NUMBER+@1(cph+3a53289)) Abraham Lincoln
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic-art/78636/9048/John-Breckinridge-oil-on-canvas-by-MW-Clark-inthe John C. Breckinridge
WORKS CITED (PICTURES)

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/slavery/pictures/stephen-a-douglas.jpg Stephen A. Douglas

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f0/John_Bell_of_Tennessee.jpg John Bell
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http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/44/70744-004-E3E6693D.jpg Tearing Apart of Nation
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http://www.britannica.com/bps/image/341682/67666/Results-of-the-American-presidential-election-1860Presidential-Candidate-Political 1860 map
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http://z.about.com/d/musiced/1/0/Y/8/nixon.jpg Richard Nixon
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http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?pp/PPALL:@field(NUMBER+@1(cph+3a27426)) Hubert Humphrey
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http://www.archives.state.al.us/govs_list/govs_gifs/george_wallace.jpg George Wallace
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http://www.britannica.com/bps/image/1586266/67693/Results-of-the-American-presidential-election-1968Presidential-Candidate-Political 1968 map
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http://www.eagleton.rutgers.edu/programs/egov/images/1860democrats.jpg Democratic smash 1860
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http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ug03/henning/cwcartoons/cartoons/wexploded.jpg secession 1860
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http://rosenblumtv.files.wordpress.com/2008/04/vietnam-soldiers-1.jpg Vietnam
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http://chandrakantha.com/articles/indian_music/filmi_sangeet/media/1967_vietnam_protest2.jpg Vietnam
Protest
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http://library.duke.edu/exhibits/sevenelections/images/speex010240010-med.jpg Anti-War 1968
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http://www.athousandwords.com/blog/uploaded_images/090301_Tommie_John-727486.jpg 1968 Olympic Protest
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http://www.historycentral.com/PageMill_Images/image113.gif results 1968
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http://www.historycentral.com/PageMill_Images/image30.gif results 1860