Transcript Battle of Bull Run

Fort Sumter, South Carolina
• Since South Carolina had
seceded from the United
States, it didn’t want
Northern soldiers on its
land at Fort Sumter
• Southern General
Bueragard tried to get the
northern general
Anderson to peacefully
surrender Fort Sumter.
Picture Credit: members.aol.com/larrykench/ W1861001.html
Fort Sumter
• The first major battle of
the Civil War began on
April 12, 1861.
• After 2 days, the North
surrendered to the
South.
• No one was killed but 1
soldier who was killed
when a cannon
backfired during the
surrendering ceremony.
Picture Credit: http://library.thinkquest.org/3055/graphics/battles/images/sumteranim.gif
Rating the North & the South
The Union and Confederacy in 1861
Choosing Sides
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New Southern States
North Carolina
Tennessee
Virginia
Texas
Louisiana
Alabama
Mississippi
South Carolin
Florida
Arkansas
Georgia
Last States to join the
Confederate States
Valuable Border States
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Delaware
Kentucky
Maryland
Missouri
Who will volunteer?
• Men, Women, White and Black
• For both sides people lined up to support their
beliefs
• Lincolns in-laws were Confederate volunteers
• Harriet Tubman volunteered to help retrieve
more African Americans from the south to help
fight called contraband
• Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell helped organize
volunteers to treat the medical needs of the
wounded soldiers
• African Americans in Gray and Blue
• Statewide by early 1862 more than 3,000 free African
Americans had formed military organizations, called
Native Guards, and offered their services to the
Confederacy. They provided their own uniforms, horses,
and arms and ammunition. Some were large land- and
slaveowners, who, like white planters, opposed the end
of slavery and the loss of their possessions. Many free
blacks recognized and wanted to maintain distinctions
between themselves and slaves or the newly freed.
• As Union forces swept through a particular region, they
attracted a large number of runaway and abandoned
slaves, some of whom joined the federal army. Labeled
"contraband" early in the war, former slave men and
women labored for the Union as domestics, nurses,
hospital orderlies, and cooks. Union officers also
organized freedmen into military units, generally known
as the Corps d'Afrique.
Winfield Scott’s Anaconda plan
• Cut off seaports with blockade
• Control Mississippi
• Take Confederate Capital, Richmond
Section 2
•War in the East
The 1st Manassas
or 1st Bull Run, VA
• July 21,1861
• The general for the
confederates was
Stonewall Jackson &
Buearegard.
• The general for the
Yankees was
McDowell.
• The North had 387
soldiers killed while the
South lost 460.
• The South won the
battle.
Picture Credit: http://www.multied.com/civilwar/Bull.gif
Battle of Bull Run
st
(1
Manassas),
July, 1861
Lincoln searches for leadership
• Scott is replaced with George B. McClellan
1861
• McClellan faces Robert E. Lee, near
Richmond. The Seven Days Battles cost
the Union 16000 and the South 20,000 but
the Union left Richmond.
• The Union is forced from Virginia
2nd Manassas or
2nd Bull Run, VA
• August 29-30, 1862
• The general for the
Confederate was
Stonewall Jackson.
• The general for the
Yankees was John
Pope.
• The North lost 16,000
soldiers while the South
lost only 9,000
• The South won the
battle.
Picture Credit: www.multied.com/civilwar/ SecondManassas.html
War in the East: 1861-1862
Antietam or Sharpsburg,
Maryland
• September 17, 1862
• The general for the
Confederates was Robert
E. Lee.
• The general for the
Yankees was McClellan.
• A Union soldier found 3
cigars that helped the
North to know what
General Lee planned to
do.
Picture Credit: memory.loc.gov/.../newsletter/ august01/feature.html
Antietam
• The Battle took place in
Farmer Miller’s cornfield.
• The battle is known as the
Single bloodiest day in the
Civil War.
• 23,500 men were killed in the
Bloody lane.
• The name of the bridge
where the confederates held
the Yankees for 4 hours is
called, Burnside.
• The south used rocks when
they ran out of ammunition.
• South won the battle.
Picture Credit: www.trubador.com/bridge.htm
The Battle of the Ironclads
• March 8-9, 1862
• The battle took place in
Hampton Roads, VA.
• The South had built an
iron ship called the
Merrimac or the Virginia.
• The North challenged the
Confederate ship with the
northern iron ship called
the Monitor.
Picture Credit: http://www.mandia.com/kelly/webpage/99_student_pages/merrimack_monitor/battle.jpg
The Ironclads
• The two iron ships
fought for 5 hours
and even collided 5
times. Neither side
won except the
North kept the South
from getting
supplies from the
rest of the world.
Picture Credit: http://www.mandia.com/kelly/webpage/99_student_pages/merrimack_monitor/battle.jpg
Section 3
• The War in the West
• What was General Ulysses S. Grant’s
strategy for the Union army in the West?
• Why was the fall of Vicksburg, Mississippi,
important?
Ulysses S.
Grant
• West Point
Graduate
• Determined
• Unyielding
• Moves in the
West to gain
control of
Mississippi
River
Battle of Shiloh
•
The Confederates had lost
over 10,000 men in the
engagement and retreat.
Fully 3,000 died during the
flight to the heights of
Monterey. The National loss
in killed, wounded, and
prisoners was about 15,000.
The slain on the battlefield
were buried; the dead horses
were burned. Confederates
were headed to Corinth, and
Grant was about to pursue
and capture it, when General
Halleck, his superior in rank,
came up and took the chief
command, and caused the
army to loiter until the
Confederates, recuperated,
were ready for another
battle.
Naval Officer David
Farragut
• Sailed up the
Mississippi
passed the
firing of
cannons at
New Orleans
on his way to
Vicksburg
Mississippi
The War in
the West,
1863:
Vicksburg
• High bluffs allowed Pemberton to
continue to fire on the Union Navy
moving up the Mississippi River
• Grant circled around the back of
the city
Vicksburg Falls
• John Pemberton attempts to maintain
strength against the Union forces that
were attacking Vicksburg.
• After Vicksburg falls to the Union, the
Mississippi River belongs to the North
Battle of Pea Ridge
• The South attempted to take control over
slave-owning Missouri
• The North maintained control of this
border state
Abraham Lincoln
• President Abraham
Lincoln on Jan, 1,
1863, declared the
Emancipation
Proclamation that
freed all slaves in
the rebelling states
• Not the border slave
holding states
Picture Credit: www.branchburg.k12.nj.us/.../ Abe%20Main%20Page.htm
Who did not appreciate the
Emancipation Proclamation?
• Northern Democrats did not all want to
end slavery
• William Lloyd Garrison, did not believe
enough had been done
• Abolitionists wanted all slaves freed
Many needed for this long war
• African American fought in the war and not
only on the side of the Union
• Escaped slaves were allowed to join the
Union
• About 180,000 African Americans fought
on the side of the Union
Northern Problems
• Northerners complained because they were tired of the
war
• Many disagreed with the attempt to remove slavery.
• Many were disgusted with the law that allowed wealthy
individuals to buy out of the war with $300.00
• Copperheads spoke against the war and caused Lincoln
to tighten controls on border states.
• Lincoln removed habeas corpus-meaning they arrested
those trouble makers without cause and placed them in
jail
Southern troubles
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Southerners were tiring of the war
Not enough money
Not enough ammunition
Not enough people that would benefit from
the right to hold slaves
• Inflation going through the roof and prices
of needed goods too high
Clara Barton
• Read handout
Section 5
• Battle of Gettysburg
The Battle of Gettysburg, PA
• The battle of Gettysburg, PA
took place on July1-3, 1863.
• Major fighting occurred around
Little Round top hill.
• The North won this battle.
• This was the turning point
in the war The South
never again entered
Northern territory
• On November 19,1863.
President Lincoln gave
Gettysburg Address.
Picture Credit: www.pennhomes.com/loc.htm
The Road to Gettysburg: 1863
Gettysburg Casualties
The Progress of War: 1861-1865
Sherman’s
March
through
Georgia
to the
Sea, 1864
Casualties on Both Sides
Appomattox Court House
• April 9, 1865 Lee
surrenders to
Ulysses S. Grant at
Appomattox, court
house, Virginia.
Picture Credit:
http://www.26nc.org/PhotoGallery/CommandChangePhotos/McLeanHouseMusic.jpg