Transcript Harlem Renaissance

Objectives:
 Content: Analyze 5 paintings from
Jacob Lawrence’s Great Migration
Series.
 Language: List key instruments in
jazz music.
The Great Migration
Migration
• Migration is the
process of moving
from one location to
another.
• Immigration is a
kind of migration!
Great Migration Facts
• Who: 500,000
African
Americans
• What: Migrated
from the South to
the North
• Where: Large cities
such as New
York, Chicago,
Detroit,
Cleveland, and St.
Louis
Great Migration Facts
• When: The Great
Migration
happened between
1910 and 1920,
especially during
World War I.
• Chicago’s (Illinois)
African American
population grew
from 44,000 in 1910
to 110,000 in 1920.
• Cleveland’s (Ohio)
African American
population grew
from 8,000 to
34,000.
Reasons for Leaving the South
1. Jobs in the South
were scarce (very
few) and low
paying.
▫ African
Americans could
earn a lot more
money in the
North
2. African
Americans faced
discrimination
and violence in the
South.
 The South was
still dealing with
the effects of the
Civil War,
including Jim
Crow laws
3. African Americans
moved to northern
cities and the
Midwest in search of
better job
opportunities.
▫ WWI almost
completely stopped
immigration from
Europe
▫ The northern
industries needed
African Americans
to work
▫ World War I
also increased
the demand for
goods. This
increase in
demand meant
an even greater
need for jobs!
Problems
• African Americans
also faced
discrimination and
violence in the
North and
Midwest
▫ White workers
hated the labor
competition
▫ White
homeowners
were upset that
overcrowded
black
neighborhoods
overflowed
into white
neighborhoods
Harlem Renaissance
Harlem Renaissance
• African American
artists, writers, and
musicians based in
Harlem (NYC)
revealed the freshness
and variety of African
American culture.
• Popularity of these
artists spread
beyond Harlem to
the rest of society.
Jacob Lawrence
• Jacob Lawrence was a
painter who
chronicled the
experience of the
Great Migration
north through art
• Migration Series
“Migration Series”
Langston Hughes
• Langston Hughes was a poet
who combined the experiences
of African and American
cultural roots
• “Ballad of the Landlord”
“Merry-Go-Round”
Where is the Jim Crow section
On this merry-go-round,
Mister, cause I want to ride?
Down South where I come from
White and colored
Can’t sit side by side.
Down South on the train
There’s a Jim Crow car.
On the bus we’re put in the backBut there ain’t no back
To a merry-go-round!
Where’s the horse
For a kid that’s black?
Duke Ellington
• Jazz Musician
• Pianist and Composer
• “It Don’t Mean a Thing”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qDQpZT3GhDg
• What do you see, hear?
What does the song
make you feel? Sad,
Happy, etc?
Louis Armstrong
• Jazz Musician
• Singer and Trumpet
Player
• “What a Wonderful
World”
http://youtu.be/2nGKqH26xlg
• What do you see,
hear? How does the
music make you feel?
Happy, sad, etc?
Bessie Smith
• Blues singer
• “Nobody Knows You
When You’re Down
and Out”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MzU8xM99Uo
• What do you see,
hear? How does the
music make you feel?
Happy, sad, etc?
Objectives:
 Content: Determine how typical
daily activities were changed by the
advances in the 1920s.
 Language: Use words or sketches to
describe the results of Prohibition.
Changing American Life
1920’s Changes
• The following developments changed
American life and the standard of living
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Transportation
Factory and labor productivity
Electrification
Communication
Prohibition
Airplane
• The Wright
Brothers invented
the first airplane in
1903.
• The first flight
happened in North
Carolina
https://youtu.be/RriKI7u72Xs
• By 1920s, first
commercial airports
appear
Automobile
• While others used it
before, Henry Ford has
been credited with
perfecting the assembly
line.
• Henry Ford used the
assembly line to produce
his Model T cars faster
and cheaper.
• Led to the rise of
mechanization machines do the job
instead of a person
Results of Improved Transportation
• Greater mobility
• Creation of jobs
• Growth of transportationrelated industries (road
construction, oil, steel,
automobile)
• Movement to suburban
areas
Electricity
• Thomas Edison perfected the
light bulb
• Electricity changed
American Life
▫ Washing machines, electric
stoves, and water pumps
saved a lot of time and labor
▫ Electric lighting made it
possible to do work into the
night
• Improved communication
powered by electricity
Innovations
• Telephones were
more readily available
▫ Increased speed of
communication
• Development of
motion pictures
(movies)
▫ First silent and then
with sound
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DfGs2Y5WJ14
&feature=related
• Guglielmo Marconi has been credited with
inventing the radio
▫ Focused on wireless telegraphy
• Radio provided a new kind of entertainment
Broadcasting
• David Sarnoff was a
pioneer in the broadcast
industry first with
bringing radio to the
masses and then later
television
• Founded the National
Broadcasting Company
(NBC)
Prohibition
Prohibition Review
• The temperance
movement worked to ban
alcohol
• Prohibition was imposed
by a constitutional
amendment (18th
Amendment) that made it
illegal to manufacture,
transport, and sell
alcoholic beverages.
• Prohibition can be
used to describe
the law that
banned alcohol OR
the period in US
History when
alcohol was illegal
The Results of Prohibition
• Speakeasies
were created as
places for people
to drink alcoholic
beverages.
• Bootleggers smuggled
illegal alcohol and
promoted organized crime
• Organized crime – groups
of people conducting
illegal activities to make a
profit.
▫ Al Capone was the most
famous “American
Gangster”
https://youtu.be/VzfWQ7TRF8w
• Prohibition was
repealed in
1933 with the
passage of the
21st amendment.
Objectives:
• Content: Compare and contrast Jazz and
Popular styles.
• Language: List the major contributions
of Copland, Gershwin, O’Keefe, Fitzgerald,
and Steinbeck.
Culture of the 1920s and 1930s
Aaron Copland
• Composer and
conductor who wrote
uniquely American
music
• Populist style
• “Fanfare for the
Common Man”
http://www.youtube.com/wa
tch?v=cr6CnG5dmvM
George Gershwin
• Composer and pianist
who wrote uniquely
American Music
• Classical and popular
styles
• “I Got Rhythm”
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vI
pNepgmCQA
American Idol:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RlEpSQeRmOQ
Georgia O’Keeffe
• An artist known for
urban scenes and,
later, paintings of the
Southwest
Urban Scenes
Southwest Themes
“Black Mesa
Landscape”
F. Scott Fitzgerald
A novelist who wrote
about the Jazz age of
the 1920s
• Wrote a novel called
The Great Gatsby
http://youtu.be/os2gKtW9aZk
John Steinbeck
• A novelist who
portrayed the
strength of poor
migrant workers
during the 1930s
http://youtu.be/MYOmjQO_UMw
(Dust Bowl)
• Wrote a novel called
The Grapes of
Wrath