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The World of Music 7th edition Part 4 Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11: Music of the Classic Period (1750–1820) © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Classic Period: Age of Reason Emotional Restraint Balance Clarity Symmetry Clear/Precise Formal Structure Simplicity Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Classic Period Musical Characteristics Melody is Prime Concern Homophonic Texture Stepwise (Scalar) Melodies Tonal and Diatonic Obvious Cadences Rhythm Uncomplicated Predictable Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Instrumental Ensembles Standard Orchestra Violin I and II Violas Cellos Double Basses Flute I and II Clarinet I and II Oboe I and II Bassoon I and II Trumpets Horns Timpani String Quartet Piano Trio Violin I and II Viola Cello Violin Cello Piano Piano Quintet String Quartet Piano Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Multimovement Works Sonata Symphony Concerto Chamber Music Typical Movements I Fast: Sonata Form II Slow: ABA or Theme and Variations Form III Dance: Minuet (or Scherzo) and Trio IV Fast: Rondo or Sonata Form Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Opera in the Classic Period Ongoing Music Continuous Drama Recitative/Aria Accompaniment More Complex Enhanced the Voice No Longer Totally Subservient Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Sonata Form Exposition Development Primary Theme in Tonic Key Secondary Theme in Contrasting Key Composer’s Playground Develops Themes from Exposition Recapitulation Primary Theme in Tonic Key Secondary Theme in TONIC Key Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Theme and Variations Form Begins with a Theme Continues with Variations of Same Theme Tempo Dynamics Articulations Tonality Mode Instrumentation Texture Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Minuet and Trio Form Stately Dance From Baroque Period ABA Form Minuet Trio Minuet Many Parts of Each Section are Repeated Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Rondo Form Begins with Ritornello Theme Ritornello Alternates with Contrasting Themes Melody Mood Tonality Common Structures ABACA ABACABA ABACADA Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Franz Joseph Haydn (1732–1809) Austrian Logical Coherent Music Served 30 Years with Prince of Austria Output 104 Symphonies 35 Concertos 82 String Quartets 60 Piano Sonatas Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756–1791) Austrian Child Prodigy Output Father was musician Traveled Europe Sophisticated, Urbane Music Many Concertos 25 Piano 7 Violin Various Other Instruments 23 String Quartets 17 Piano Sonatas Many Operas The Magic Flute The Marriage of Figaro Don Giovanni Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Ludwig van Beethoven (1770–1827) Transitional Composer (to Romantic Period) Three Periods Early Education Formative Prolific More Classic Works Late Output Middle 9 Symphonies 5 Piano Concertos 1 Violin Concerto 32 Piano Sonatas 16 String Quartets 9 Piano Trios Many Concert Overtures 1 Opera (Fidelio) Fewer Works More Romantic Style Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Chapter Summary How did the rise of the middle class and the Industrial Revolution affect the development of music? Do you think today’s society is more like the Classic period or the Baroque? Why? Why do you think so many pieces were being written for instruments alone? Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved Image Credits Slide 2 (c) Brand X Pictures/ PunchStock Part IV Listening to Western Classical Music Chapter 11 Music of the Classic Period © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved